<p>The Tariffville Historic District is a 93 acre historic district in the town of Simsbury, Connecticut. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993. There are several houses in the district of Gothic Revival style, probably following designs from pattern books of architect Andrew Jackson Downing. The Trinity Episcopal Church is the only building in the district designed by an architect of national standing, namely Henry C. Dudley. Many of the homes in the area were built by the Tariff Manufacturing Company, which opened a carpet mill along the Farmington River, and needed housing for workers.</p><br>
<p>The historic district is "significant architecturally because it retains the mill housing and street layout of an early 19th-century village as well as the Greek Revival and Gothic Revival structures of later 19th-century development. The commercial blocks, religious structures, and publicly owned buildings, together with the many 19th-century houses and their outbuildings, tell the story of the community&#39;s development into the 20th century with integrity and few intrusions." Its boundaries are "drawn to encompass the concentration of historic and architectural resources" of the historic village area. The historic district excludes newer development around West Point Terrace and Hayes Road, as well as properties along White Water Turn, Wooster Road, and Main Street Extension.</p><br>
<p>Significant contributing properties include:</p><br>
<p>Trinity Church (see #10 of NRHP application&#39;s accompanying photographs).</p><br>
<p>William Ketchin Tobacco Company warehouse, 7 Church Street, brownstone "with low towers and castellated roof lines, it has now been dramatically altered by adding a hipped roof of great volume supported by new heavy roof brackets in a modern salute to the Italianate style" (see photo #14)</p><br>
<p>8-4 Elm Street, worker housing (photo #1)</p><br>
<p>23-29 Red Hill Road, worker housing (photo #2)</p><br>
<p>39 Tunxis Road, small Greek Revival (photo #3)</p><br>
<p>19 Main Street (see photo #4)</p><br>
<p>40 Winthrop Street (see photo #5)</p><br>
<p>2 Tunxis Road (see photos #6 and #7)</p><br>
<p>28 Main Street (see photo #8)</p><br>
<p>32 Main Street (see photo #9)</p><br>
<p>Saint Bernard&#39;s Church (see photo #12)</p><br>
<p>37 Elm Street (see photo #13)</p><br>
<p>10 Center Street (see photo #15)</p><br>
<p>The West Granby Historic District is a historic district in Granby, Connecticut, United States. It encompasses the historic village of West Granby, which extends along Simsbury Road between Firetown Road and Hartland Road. Although this area was settled in the 18th century, and has a few surviving buildings from that time, its most significant period of development was in the 19th century, when industry came to play a role in the area. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The area that is now West Granby village was first settled in the early 18th century, and was largely agrarian, with a sawmill established on the West Branch Salmon Brook about 1742. In 1784, the water power of the brook was harnessed for a gristmill, carding mill, trip hammer facility, and gin distillery. By 1819 it was one of the town&#39;s most important economic centers. These small industries survived until approximately the time of the Civil War, after which they were unable to compete with similar businesses of larger scale in urban settings. The area experienced an agricultural revival in the early 20th century, when shade-grown tobacco was introduced.</p><br>
<p>The district is roughly linear in shape, extending along Simsbury Road from Hartland Road in the north to Firetown Road in the south, with several listed buildings on Hartland Road and West Granby Street. Most of the districts 113 buildings primary buildings are residential, although there are many agricultural outbuildings and garages. The houses are typically in simple vernacular interpretations of architectural styles popular during their construction, and represent a cross-section of 19th-century and early 20th-century architecture. There are only a few minor instances of the village&#39;s industrial buildings that survive, and one church.</p><br>
<p>The Black Rock Gardens Historic District is a historic district in the Black Rock neighborhood of Bridgeport, Connecticut. It encompasses a small residential development built between 1916 and 1920 to provide housing for workers in war-related industries in the city. It is a well-preserved example of one of several such developments made in the city with funding by the United States Housing Corporation, a government agency. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Black Rock Gardens is located in southwestern Bridgeport&#39;s Black Rock neighborhood, on 7 acre bounded by Fairfield Avenue, Rowsley Street, Haddon Street, Nash Lane, and Brewster Street. It consists of 12 three-story red brick Colonial Revival buildings, set around small quadrangle-like parks. Some of the buildings are connected to one another. The buildings are relatively uniformly styled, with cast stone trim elements, brick parapets, and flat roofs, with some window openings occupied by projecting window bays to provide visual interest. Entrance surrounds have neoclassical features including full entablatures.</p><br>
<p>The complex was built between 1916 and 1920 by the United States Housing Corporation to provide war-time emergency housing for workers in war-related factories, during World War I. The siting and building design was a collaboration that included R. Clipston Sturgis, Arthur Shurtleff, and Skinner & Walker, and embodied elements of the then-fashionable Garden City movement of residential design.</p><br>
<p>The Brookfield Center Historic District in Brookfield, Connecticut is a historic district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991. It is located in the vicinity of the junction of Route 133 and Route 25. The district represents the original settlement of the town of Brookfield and contains 67 residential, religious, and municipal buildings over a 43 acre area representing a wide range of architectural styles from the 18th to 20th centuries including Bungalow/Craftsman, Greek Revival, and Queen Anne style architecture. The district includes the old town hall, the Congregational Church of Brookfield, Saint Joseph Church & Elementary School, Center Elementary School , the former general store , St. Paul&#39;s Episcopal Church, and the surrounding residential neighborhood. The district is architecturally significant as an accurate representation of the historical development of the original settlement of the Town of Brookfield as the buildings are well-preserved from the time they were built with minimal alterations and intrusions, including their spatial relationships to one another.</p><br>
<p>The area that is now Brookfield was settled about 1700, and was given its own parish in 1754, formed out of portions of Danbury, New Milford, and Newtown. It was incorporated in 1788. The road junction was where the first church, town hall, school, and tavern were built. In addition to housing the central religious and political functions, the center area was also home to a number of private schools in the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>Contributing properties in the district include:</p><br>
<p>150 Whisconier Road, c. 1700, a saltbox</p><br>
<p>140 Whisconier Road, a vernacular building with selected Federal style details, has semi-elliptical attic windows</p><br>
<p>Congregational Church, an 1854 Greek Revival church designed by Beckwith Nash</p><br>
<p>St. Paul&#39;s School (3 Longmeadow Hill Road), a building in the Italianate style</p><br>
<p>1907 gymnasium building of the Curtis School for Boys, now in use as the Brookfield Theatre for the Arts, a building in the Rustic Style.</p><br>
<p>Cannondale Historic District is a historic district in the Cannondale section in the north-central area of the town of Wilton, Connecticut. The district includes 58 contributing buildings, one other contributing structure, one contributing site, and 3 contributing objects, over a 202 acre. The district is also significant for its collection of architecture and for its historic significance.</p><br>
<p>The district has a number of buildings in Greek Revival style, as well as Victorian era buildings and Colonial Revival buildings.</p><br>
<h2>Cannon Crossing</h2><br>
<p>Part of the historic district is composed of restored, 19th-century buildings in the 8 acre"Cannon Crossing" shopping development on the north side of Cannon Road and across the railroad tracks from the Cannondale train station. The development was created by actress June Havoc, who sold the property in 1989. At least four contributing objects in the historic district are described in the NRHP nomination, including the 1872 Schoolhouse, which Havoc had moved to its present site in the late 1970s (from its original site at the corner of Olmstead Hill and Danbury Roads).</p><br>
<h2>Significant properties</h2><br>
<p>Properties in the district include the following (unless otherwise noted, quotations are from the 1992 registration form filed with the National Register of Historic Places):</p><br>
<h3>On Cannon Road</h3><br>
<p>Nelson S. Hurlbutt House - 1922 - 8 Cannon Road - a 2½-story, Colonial Revival gambrel-roofed house with wood shingles, a three-bay facade and Tuscan-columned portico framing its central entry</p><br>
<p>Godfrey Academy - 1849 - 20 Cannon Road - moved in 1961 to its present location from Danbury Road.</p><br>
<p>Cannondale Station - 1892 - 22 Cannon Road - Victorian-era, one-story structure with a gable roof and wide, overhanging eaves supported by chamfered brackets and bargeboard with a geometric motif and a stickwork peak ornament.</p><br>
<p>Charles Gregory Store and Post Office - c. 1850 - 24 Cannon Road - 2½ stories, with a gable roof, clapboard, a "plain frieze and molded cornice with partial return", a rear wing added about 1895</p><br>
<p>A small, two-story, clapboard house behind Charles Gregory Store, built about 1900, with a gable roof.</p><br>
<p>Cannon Grange Hall - 1899 - 25 Cannon Road - Victorian, 1½-story structure with a "gable roof, clapboard with scalloped shingles in gable ends, stickwork peak ornament".</p><br>
<p>Charles Gregory Dam - 30 Cannon Road - c. 1910 - "coursed rubble spillway and abutments; wheel-pit with draft tube for turbine-based power system incorporated into west abutment. Atop west abutment is former Charles Gregory gristmill that was extensively remodeled in the late 1920s and late 1970s."</p><br>
<p>Three contributing objects located at entrance to Cannon Crossing shopping area at 30 Cannon Road:</p><br>
<p>a "c.1900 turbine that was removed from Gregory Grist Mill wheelpit"</p><br>
<p>"two c. 1925 reservoir-head gasoline pumps"</p><br>
<p>Gregory Gristmill Tenant House - c. 1900 - 32 Cannon Road - two stories, with a "gable roof, clapboard with shingled gable ends".</p><br>
<p>B. F. Brown Boarding School - 1857 - 33 Cannon Road - Greek Revival entry, three stories, "gable roof, clapboard, high brick basement with brownstone window lintels, pilaster-and-lintel entry with sidelights and transom"</p><br>
<p>A barn behind the B. F. Brown Boarding School</p><br>
<p>Cannondale School - 1872 - 34 Cannon Road - one-story, "gable roof, clapboard, hip-roofed entry shelter on large brackets, pedimented window surrounds, ogee-roofed cupola with round-arched openings&quot the building was moved to its present location in 1979 from the corner of Olmstead Hill and Danbury roads.</p><br>
<p>Helen Godfrey House - c. 1900 - 37 Cannon Road - Victorian era, 2½-story house with a "gable roof, wood shingle; porch (turned posts jigsawn brackets, molded rail on turned balusters) wraps around right side to meet 2-story cross-gabled ell".</p><br>
<p>Lockwood Academy - 1851 - 43 Cannon Road, also known as 42 Cannon Road - Built in a "vernacular" style "with greek Revival influence, 2½ stories, gable roof, clapboard, pilaster-and-linetl entry, simple steeped entablature with partial return"</p><br>
<p>Barn to the rear of the Lockwood Academy building</p><br>
<p>Marjorie W. Hands House - 1939 - 63 Cannon Road - Southern Colonial Revival - 2½ stories, "gable roof, clapboard with flush-boarded facade, central chimney, two-story inset gallery with plain square posts"</p><br>
<p>Cottage - c. 1940 - 68 Cannon Road - 1½ stories, gable roof, wood shingles</p><br>
<p>Jesse Gregory House - c. 1800 - 109 Cannon Road - Federal/Colonial Revival with 20th-century additions and alterations, 2½ stories, gable roof, clapboard, "original portion is 5-bay, central-hall plan with remnants of pilaster-and-lintel entry treatment; Tuscan-columned porches, windows and surrounds, entablature, and extensions to either side represent 20th-century alterations".</p><br>
<h3>On Danbury Road</h3><br>
<p>David Henry Miller III House - 1907 - 426 Danbury Road - 2½ stories, hip roof, clapboard, "Tuscan-columned porch wraps around both sides and on south side meets porte-cochere with shallow pediments, hip-roofed dormers"</p><br>
<p>Barn to rear of David Henry Miller III House</p><br>
<p>Hiram and Mary Cannon Jones House - c.1835 - 436 Danbury Road - Greek Revival, 2½ stories, gable roof, clapboard, "Ionic portico with full entablature, pilaster-and-lintel entry with leaded sidelights and transom, addition to right rear sheltered by owpen porch with Doric columns".</p><br>
<p>Barn to rear of Hiram and Mary Cannon Jones House</p><br>
<p>Samuel Marvin House - c. 1810 - 444 Danbury Road - Federal style, 2½ stories, gable roof, wood shingles, "3-bay, four-room plan with interior chimney, pilaster-and-lintel entry with sidelights and transom, oval gable-end windows with radial muntins; 2-story kitchen wing (1899) and recent rear addition."</p><br>
<p>Barn to rear of Samuel Marvin House</p><br>
<p>George Godfrey House - c. 1848/c. 1870 - 454 Danbury Road - gable roof, clapboard; "original part now right-side ell, with 3-bay facade and simple pilaster-and-lintel entry; later portion is 2-bay; open porch with chamfered posts added when house was expanded".</p><br>
<p>John Hurlbutt House - c. 1840 - 462 Danbury Road - Greek Revival, 2½ stories, gable roof, clapboard, "pilaster-and-lintel entry, reeded corner boards, pedimented gable-end with flush-boarding; c. 1900 additions to right and rear, recent wing to left".</p><br>
<p>Zion Hill Methodist Episcopal Church - 1844 - 470 Danbury Road - Greek Revival, single, high story, "pilastered facade with recessed entry, pilaster-and-lintel entry treatment, pilastered belfry topped by smaller stage with squat corner towers; Fellowship Hall, to southeast, is noncontributing".</p><br>
<p>Zion Hill Cemetery adjacent, c.1840, a cemetery "arranged as parallel rows of east-facing burials; predominantly mid-19th-century white-marble markers"</p><br>
<p>Lewis Hurlbutt House - 1909 - 475 Danbury Road - Colonial Revival-style, 2½-story house with a gable roof, wood shingles, "wraparound porch with fluted Doric columns, Palladian window in front gable end, gable-roofed dormers"</p><br>
<p>A carriage barn behind the Lewis Hurlbutt House also contributed to the case for historic registration</p><br>
<p>Noah Partrick House - 1837 - 481 Danbury Road - 2½ stories, gable roof, clapboard sides, "3-bay facade with central entry, simply molded cornice with partial return, recent 1-story wing".</p><br>
<p>Charles Scribner House, c.1830 Greek Revival house with c.1910 Colonial Revival porch with Tuscan columns.</p><br>
<p>"center-chimney house" - c. 1795 - two stories, gable roof, clapboard siding, "3-bay facade with plain entry, flush eaves, small shed addition to rear".</p><br>
<p>William Nichols House - c. 1800/c. 1840 - 493 Danbury Road - Greek Revival, 2½ story, gable-roofed, clapboard-sided house, "originally center-chimney dwelling reworked in Greek Revival Style c. 1840 by addition of corner pilasters, entablature, pedimented gable ends, and pilaster-and-lintel entry with sidelights and transom"</p><br>
<p>The barn on the property of the William Nichols House also contributed to the case for registering the historical district.</p><br>
<p>Thaddeus Quick House - c. 1845 - 496 Danbury Road - Greek Revival house with late-19th-century alterations, 2½ stories, gable roof, clapboard sides; "original features include paneled corner pilasters, entablature with partial return, and pilaster-and-lintel entry with sidelights; Victorian features include 1-story bay windows on front and side; entry shelter with faux Doric columns probably Colonial Revival feature".</p><br>
<p>The barn just to the north of the Thaddeus Quick House also contributed to the case for registering the historical district.</p><br>
<p>George Nichols House - c. 1840/c. 1870 - 503 Danbury Road - 2½ stories, gable roof, vinyl siding; "original portion is 5-bay with center entry, with cross-bable wing added c. 1870; also added at that time were porch with square chamfered posts and round-arched attic lights; new chimney; garage is noncontributing".</p><br>
<p>Azor Belden House - c. 1788 - 539 Danbury Road - An older origin for this building is asserted by local historian Robert H. Russell, who wrote that in 1727, William Belden, then 56 years old, and his large family moved to Wilton from Deerfield, Massachusetts and bought this house from Obadiah Wood. The house was later greatly expanded and modified, according to Russell, into the "stately home".</p><br>
<h3>On Olmstead Hill Road</h3><br>
<p>Gersham and Mary Ann Partrick House - c. 1875 - Victorian Vernacular-style, two-story, gable-roofed, clapboard-sided house; "original (front) portion is simple two-bay dwelling with full porch featuring heavy turned posts and small pediment over entry bay; cross-gable addition to rear left, and shed addition to rear."</p><br>
<p>The barn on the property of the Gersham and Mary Ann Partrick House also contributed to the historic-preservation registration.</p><br>
<p>Charles Gregory Gristmill, non-contributing as it was "coverted into residence in late 1920s and extensively remodeled in late 1970s." (see also "Charles Gregory gristmill dam" at 30 Cannon Road, above)</p><br>
<h3>On Seeley Road</h3><br>
<p>vernacular house - 25 Seeley Road - c. 1920 - 1½ stories, wood shingle</p><br>
<p>Polly and William Wakeman House - c. 1840/1907+ - 36 Seeley Road - Federal/Colonial Revival - 2½ stories, gable roof, clapboard; "nucleus is a 3-bay Federal house that retains its plan, central chimney and details such as gable-end Palladian window; most of the present structure consists of wings added between 1907 and 1940" The barn on the property of the Polly and William Wakeman House also contributed to the historic-preservation registration The Wakemans were among a group of abolitionists in Wilton who helped runaway slaves. Underneath their house was a tunnel that was accessed by a trap door. They took people on late-night trips to neighboring towns on the Underground Railroad.</p><br>
<p>Hannah Lounsbury House - c. 1852 - 45 Seeley Road - vernacular/Colonial Revival, 1½ story structure with a gable roof, clapboard siding, "originally plain, 3-bay, central-hall-plan house; 2-bay west wing and Colonial Revival entry treatment added post-1950"</p><br>
<p>The barn on the property is also contributing</p><br>
<p>c. 1850/1938 house - 67 Seeley Road -"vernacular/Colonial Revival, 2½ stories, gable roof, clapboard, 3-bay facade modified in 1938 with addition of Colonial Revival entry treatment and two prominent wall dormers; additions to right and rear"</p><br>
<p>Hickock House - c. 1810/1915+ - 105 Seeley Road - "vernacular/Colonial Revival, 2½ stories, gable roof, wood shingle; originally 5-bay center-chimney dwelling with molded cornice (partial return); 20th-century wings added to north and west sides; barn is also contributing"</p><br>
<p>The Fairfield Historic District encompasses the historic town center of Fairfield, Connecticut, roughly along Old Post Road between USA Route 1 and Turney Road. The area contains Fairfields town hall, public library, and houses dating from the late 18th century, and includes portions of the towns earliest colonial settlement area. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Fairfields town center was laid out in the 17th century by its founders, who included Roger Ludlow. The area was divided into Four Squares, one for Ludlow, one for a minister, one for civic buildings, and one for a town common. Elements of this early division survive in the layout and placement of civic and religious buildings. The village center was burned in 1779 by British troops during the American Revolutionary War, resulting in the destruction of all of the towns civic buildings and many houses. The district hosts a concentration of houses that did survive the military raid, and the town hall, built in 1794, is still evocative of the architecture of that period.</p><br>
<h2>Contributing elements</h2><br>
<p>The district includes about 75 historically significant buildings on 35 acre of land. It extends from a junction of Old Post Road with US 1 in the west, to Turney Road in the east, and includes buildings on Old Post Road and a few cross streets. The most significant elements of the historic district include:</p><br>
<p>the town green</p><br>
<p>the town hall</p><br>
<p>the Rising Sun Tavern, No. 1 Town Hall Green, built 1783</p><br>
<p>Silliman House, 543 Old Post Road, built 1791 by William Silliman, son of militia general Gold Selleck Silliman</p><br>
<p>the Fairfield Academy, now known as Old Academy, which was moved</p><br>
<p>249 Beach Road, which reportedly survived the British burning by a servant dowsing the flames (see photo page 15 of accompanying photos)</p><br>
<p>303 Beach Road,</p><br>
<p>349 Beach Road, a saltbox house from before 1750</p><br>
<p>Burr Mansion, 739 Old Post Road</p><br>
<p>952 Old Post Road</p><br>
<p>The Georgetown Historic District is a historic district which covers the central portion the village of Georgetown, Connecticut. The district includes parts of Georgetown in the towns of Redding, Weston, Wilton, and Ridgefield and consists of the former Gilbert & Bennett manufacturing plant, institutional housing built for the plant workers, other private homes, and the Georgetown business district.</p><br>
<p>In its 1986 National Register nomination, the district is described as " rare survival of rural industrial history".</p><br>
<p>The company began as a cottage industry weaving animal hair from cows and horses, started by Benjamin Gilbert. Water power was needed, and the enterprise used a former sawmill facility downriver from the later factory site. The company found success making sieves from animal hair. After much development and a fire, the company focused on wire products including woven wire cloth for meat safes, the first insect wire screening, and poultry netting.</p><br>
<p>The company is described as having been "uided by nineteenth-century paternalism and enlightened self-interest which carried over well into the twentieth century" for it having "shaped a community which today resembles the rural industrial village of nineteenth-century Utopian ideology." The district consists of properties that are roughly bounded by Route 7, Portland Avenue, Route 107, and the Norwalk River. It includes 120 contributing buildings and one other contributing site over a 125 acre area. Architectural styles in the historic district include Colonial Revival, Bungalow/Craftsman, and Italianate.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places on January 21, 1987. Fourteen properties in the Town of Wilton, on Church Street, West Church Street, and Redding Road, are also included in the town&#39;s Historic District #6, designated in 2007. Exterior alterations to these properties require approval by the Wilton Historic District and Historic Property Commission. Several of the 123 contributing resources originally included in the National Register historic district have been demolished as part of a Georgetown Redevelopment Project.</p><br>
<p>Since the Gilbert & Bennett property has gone idle, multiple developers have attempted to recreate the site as a mixed-use village combining residential and commercial buildings. In 2005, the USA Environmental Protection Agency awarded one proposal its National Award for Smart Growth Achievement.</p><br>
<p>In 2007, the USA Department of the Interior sought Congressional approval for the National Park Service to acquire space on the Gilbert & Bennett property for administration and operational support to the Weir Farm National Historic Site in Ridgefield. Under existing federal law at the time, the National Park Service was authorized to secure expansion space in Ridgefield and Wilton only.</p><br>
<p>The Greenfield Hill Historic District encompasses the historic village area of the village of Greenfield Hill in northern Fairfield, Connecticut. The area was important from the mid-18th to 19th centuries as an intellectual center in the town, driven in part by Timothy Dwight, the Greenfield Hill Church minister and later president of Yale College. The district features a variety of architectural styles from the 18th to mid-19th century. It was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Greenfield Hill is a suburban residential area in central northern Fairfield, centered on the triangular Greenfield Hill green bounded by Hillside Road, Old Academy Road, and Bronson Road. It includes 38 principal houses or structures and 20 secondary structures, and a windmill.</p><br>
<p>The area became important in the late 18th century when Timothy Dwight became minister of the Greenfield Hill Congregational Church in 1783. Dwight also established an academy (now the site of Timothy Dwight Park) at which both young men and women were educated in the classics. The school drew visiting scholars and luminaries, including Abraham Baldwin, a drafter of the United States Constitution and founder of the University of Georgia, and poet and diplomat Joel Barlow.</p><br>
<p>The district, along with Southport Historic District and Fairfield Historic District is somewhat governed by Fairfield&#39;s Historic District Commission.</p><br>
<p>Significant properties in the district include:</p><br>
<p>Timothy Dwight Park, site of a historic academy founded by Timothy Dwight</p><br>
<p>1650 Meetinghouse Lane, originally a saltbox home from c. 1750 that was later remodeled extensively. Associated with Abraham Baldwin and with Joel Barlow</p><br>
<p>Old Cemetery, on Bronson Road</p><br>
<p>105 Meetinghouse Lane, owned by Zalmon Bradley</p><br>
<p>Greenfield Hill Congregational Church</p><br>
<p>"Old Salt Box at 1081 Hillside", a saltbox structure that was a shop, a home, and in which the academy was started</p><br>
<p>3244 Bronson Road</p><br>
<p>3171 Bronson Road, gambrel-roofed</p><br>
<p>2829 Bronson Road, which served during 1901-15 as clubhouse of Greenfield Hill Country Club, but which also is associated with agriculture shows, including one showing 52 oxen in 1906, that illustrated agricultural basis of the area</p><br>
<p>55 Meetinghouse Lane</p><br>
<p>3105 Bronson Road, the Bronson Windmill, separate listed on the National Register</p><br>
<p>The Huntington Center Historic District is a historic district in the city of Shelton, Connecticut. The district encompasses the original colonial settlement of Shelton, which was first known as Huntington. It is a linear district about 0.75 mi in length, centered on the Huntington Green and Cemetery, and extending north along Church Street and south along Huntington Street. The district is predominantly residential, although it has two churches. The green was laid out in 1717, and many of the districts historic buildings were built over the next 150 years. The districts oldest building is a house with an estimated construction date of 1710. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>The area that is now Shelton was settled by English colonists in the 17th century as part of Stratford. In 1717 a Congregationalist parish was established, and in 1789 the town of Huntington was incorporated, including what is now neighboring Monroe. The site of the early parish became the center of the new town. In addition to its civic function, the area also developed some industry, powered by the waters of the Farmill River and Means Brook. In the second half of the 19th century, the communitys industrial and civic focus shifted to the Housatonic River (its eastern border), and it was renamed Shelton in 1919 in honor of Edward Shelton, one of its major industrialists. Sheltons likely ancestral home still stands in Huntington Center.</p><br>
<h2>Significant properties</h2><br>
<p>Huntington Green, 1717</p><br>
<p>Josiah Wheeler House</p><br>
<p>DeForest-Rudd House, c. 1770, Colonial</p><br>
<p>Huntington Congregational Church, c. 1890, Gothic Revival</p><br>
<p>St. Paul&#39;s Episcopal Church, 1812, Federal</p><br>
<p>The Long Ridge Village Historic District is a historic district in the city of Stamford, Connecticut. The district, located in rural northern Stamford near the border with New York, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>Significant contributing properties include:</p><br>
<p>St. Francis Episcopal Church, 503 Old Long Ridge Road, (see #11 in photo set accompanying NRHP document)</p><br>
<p>Hickford Marshall House, 528 Old Long Ridge Road (see accompanying photo #12)</p><br>
<p>The Newtown Borough Historic District is a 100 acre historic district in the borough of Newtown in Newtown, Connecticut. There is a local historic district and an overlapping district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>The National Register district includes just a small part of the current borough, but about half of the original borough as it was first incorporated in 1824. The local historic district was smaller, but the Ram&#39;s Pasture and another property were added in 2009. The district has a governance structure.</p><br>
<p>The district area has buildings dating from 1780 and includes the separately NRHP-listed Glover House and Caleb Baldwin Tavern.</p><br>
<p>In 1996, the district included 225 contributing buildings, tow other contributing structures, one contributing site, and two contributing objects.</p><br>
<p>Significant properties in the district include:</p><br>
<p>Glover House</p><br>
<p>Caleb Baldwin Tavern: The Baldwin Tavern is along the march route taken by French Army troops under General Rochambeau in 1781 on their march to Yorktown, Virginia.</p><br>
<p>17 Main Street, home of Arthur J. Smith, publisher of the Newtown Bee newspaper which began in 1877.</p><br>
<p>Liberty Pole/Flagpole</p><br>
<p>Soldiers and Sailors Monument</p><br>
<p>Edmond Town Hall</p><br>
<p>Matthew Curtiss House, 44 Main Street, a museum of the Newtown Historical Society</p><br>
<p>Gen. Daniel Baldwin House, 38 Main Street, a formal Georgian style building that contrasts to most of the other architecture (see photo #4)</p><br>
<p>Cyrenius H. Booth Library</p><br>
<p>The Norwalk Green Historic District is a historic district in the Central Norwalk section of Norwalk, Connecticut. The district is centered on the Norwalk Green, a common area until 1851 that is now a park owned by Norwalks First Taxing District. It includes St. Pauls Episcopal Church and the First Congregational Church, both of which face the green. The district contains 54 contributing buildings, 3 contributing sites , and 1 other contributing object , most of which were designed in the 18th and 19th centuries. The district is irregular in shape, drawn to include historic properties in the vicinity of the Norwalk Green, but to exclude non-historic properties.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<h2>St. Paul&#39;s on the Green</h2><br>
<p>The Ridgefield Center Historic District is part of the town of Ridgefield, Connecticut. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The district is an irregularly shaped area that is roughly bounded by Pound St., Fairview Ave., Prospect, Ridge, and Whipstick Rds. In 1984 it included 241 contributing buildings and one other contributing structure, over a 395 acre area.</p><br>
<p>Two properties, the Phineas Chapman Lounsbury House (now a community center) and the Keeler Tavern (purchased and renovated by architect Cass Gilbert and now a museum), were already separately listed in the National Register.</p><br>
<p>Other significant properties include:</p><br>
<p>the Reverend Thomas Hawley House, c.1715</p><br>
<p>the Nathan Scott House, at 5 Catoonah Street, which was moved there in 1922</p><br>
<p>the former Episcopal Rectory, from 1790, which was moved to 23 Catoonah Street</p><br>
<p>the Benedict House, c. 1790</p><br>
<p>E. P. Dutton House</p><br>
<p>Elizabeth W. Morris Memorial Building, which at the time of NRHP listing was home of the Ridgefield Library and Historical Association</p><br>
<p>Maynard House, at 2 Peaceable Street, a c.1900 Neo-Georgian building locally believed to be designed by McKim, Meade & White</p><br>
<p>14 Barry Avenue, c. 1740, a Colonial house with early 20th-century Colonial Revival additions</p><br>
<p>The Round Hill Historic District encompasses the village center of Round Hill, a formerly rural  area in northwestern Greenwich, Connecticut. Centered on the junction of John Street and Round Hill Road, the district includes a church, cemetery, two houses, and a former district school, the latter dating to 1750. Established as a center for local farmers in the 18th century, it was transformed in the early 20th century into a center for suburban and summer estate residents. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Round Hill area began as a "backcountry" farming region of Greenwich, populated by English settlers who moved inland from its coastal areas, and by Dutch settlers from New Amsterdam and the Province of New York, both of which contested control of the area through the late 17th century. The oldest building at Round Hill is the Brown-Kenworthy House, built about 1728 and located next to the First Church of Round Hill. The church was a comparatively late addition to the village, its congregation dating only to the 1820s and the building to 1828; the adjacent cemetery was formally established in 1826. The oldest civic building in the village is a former district schoolhouse, built by 1750 and converted to residential use by incorporation into the house now standing just south of John Street on Round Hill Road.</p><br>
<p>As the 19th century progressed, the area continued to be mainly agricultural, but by the early 20th century, expanding suburban development transformed the area, as farms were converted into country estates or subdivided for residential construction. The church was at first less important to many newcomers, but its closure in the early 1900s prompted a push for its preservation, and it soon reopened as a non-denominational community church. It and the other older buildings in the area were given Colonial Revival makeovers, in some instances stripping away Victorian alterations.</p><br>
<p>The Sherman Historic District encompasses the historic town center of Sherman, Connecticut. It covers an 85 acre historic district area centered on the junction of Connecticut Routes 37 and 39, and consists mostly of residential structures, some of them dating to not long after the town&#39;s incorporation in 1740. Most of the village center was developed in the 19th century. Notable buildings include the 1837 Greek Revival Center Church , the 1886 Old Town Hall, and the 1926 Colonial Revival library building.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>The Southport Historic District in the town of Fairfield, Connecticut is a 225 acre area historic district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971. It preserves a portion of the modern neighborhood and former borough of Southport, Connecticut. Since the British burnt almost all of Southport&#39;s structures in 1779, there is only one home built prior to that date, the Meeker House at 824 Harbor Road, which survives.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The area of the district is bounded on the north by the Metro-North railroad tracks, on the south by the Mill River and Southport Harbor, on the west by Old South Road, and on the east by Rose Hill Road. It includes additional properties on both sides of Old South Road and Rose Hill Road, but excludes the commercial and industrial properties along Pequot Avenue inside the so-defined area. This is about a quarter of the former borough area of Southport, which ran from Mill River to Sasco Creek, and from the Southport Harbor to Mill Hill.</p><br>
<p>A local commission enforces preservation rules in the district (and also in two other historic districts in the town of Fairfield). Alterations to properties in the district have to be approved. A case where a Greek Revival mansion owner placed a large sculpture on the grounds went all the way to the USA supreme court in 2007. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of the commission, that the sculpture qualified as a structure and required commission approval. It was the Historic District Commission of Fairfield. More here. The 80 foot, six ton sculpture by German artist Anselm Kiefer, titled "Narrow as the Vessels", was donated to a museum, and the owner put even more striking (although lighter) sculptures on the lawn instead.</p><br>
<p>In 1970, the NRHP nomination for the district argued it was "significant because it has been the center of trade and commerce in Fairfield and because its history is typical of the development of commercial life in many New England ports in the fifty years following the revolutionary war. The architecture of the district consists primarily of buildings constructed after 1779 when the British virtually destroyed Fairfield. It is a valuable concentration of Greek Revival and Victorian structures which were for the most part the homes of substantial men whose wealth came from their involvement in commerce, banking, and shipping."</p><br>
<p>It includes more than 150 contributing buildings. The more significant ones include:</p><br>
<p>750 Harbour Road, the house of Oliver Perry, a significant figure (but not the more famous Oliver Hazard Perry), a Greek Revival house with a pediment above four Doric columns</p><br>
<p>780 Harbor Road, house of Walter Perry III, a Federal style house built in 1830</p><br>
<p>712 Harbor Road, a Greek Revival house with Corinthian columns</p><br>
<p>478 Harbor Road, built in 1831</p><br>
<p>72 Willow Street, childhood home of Joseph Sheffield, founder of the Rock Island Railroad</p><br>
<p>104 Old South Road, home of Paschal Sheffield, a privateer for Argentina during its war for independence from Spain</p><br>
<p>824 Harbor Road, Meeker House, built prior to 1766, only structure that is known to have survived the British burning of Southport in 1779</p><br>
<p>25 Westway Road, built in 1856, has gingerbread trim</p><br>
<p>95 Westway Road, built in 1840</p><br>
<p>564 Harbor Road, built in 1835 by a shipowner and captain, Charles C. Perry, built in a Greek Revival style which was later altered but then restored in 1926</p><br>
<p>"The Bulkeley Houses", at 14 Willow Street, 104 Main Street, 142 Main Street, 114 Westway Road, 892 Harbor Road</p><br>
<p>187 Westway Road, built as a saltbox for Dimon prior to 1818, since enlarged and altered. It has the "Dimon Oak", known to be at least 260 years old in 1970, which stood nearly 100 feet tall and measured 19.5 feet in circumference</p><br>
<p>95 Main Street, built c. 1827, which served as a school, a place of worship, and as a town hall. The building, now a residence, at some point after 1854 was moved closer to Main Street and was altered.</p><br>
<p>450 Harbor Road</p><br>
<p>the "Nichols Houses", at 155 Rose Hill Road, 494 Harbor Road, 534 Harbor Road</p><br>
<p>three Victorian era houses at 658 Pequot Road, 418 Harbor Road, 385 Harbor Road</p><br>
<p>798 Harbor Road, now a house, the main part of which was a store in the 1850s. In 1894 it was the "Bachelors Comfort, and Married Mens Relief" club, during World War I it was a British War Relief something, and later it was the first clubhouse for the Pequot Yacht Club.</p><br>
<p>Tide Mill Building, at 95 Harbor Road</p><br>
<p>668-670 Harbor Road</p><br>
<p>62 Center Street, a Greek Revival house</p><br>
<p>Pequot Library, at 720 Pequot Avenue</p><br>
<h2>Harbor Road</h2><br>
<p>Harbor Road runs along the harbor and all of it is included in the district</p><br>
<h2>Pequot Road</h2><br>
<p>Part of Pequot Road is included in the district. Newer, commercial parts are not.</p><br>
<h2>Gallery: Other</h2><br>
<p>The Wilton Center Historic District in the town center area of Wilton, Connecticut, was established as a town historic district in 1970 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>Wilton&#39;s town center was formed in 1726 when the first meetinghouse was built. That meetinghouse was replaced with a new building in 1738, and finally in 1790 by a third church, the current Congregational Church at 70 Ridgefield Road. That church is the oldest church building in Fairfield County and a central element of the historic district.</p><br>
<p>The historic district includes examples of Colonial Revival, Colonial, and Federal styles of architecture.</p><br>
<p>Daniel Gregory House, 11 Belden Hill Road, built c. 1775</p><br>
<p>Original Congregational Church Parsonage, 65 Ridgefield Road, built 1832</p><br>
<p>Old Town Hall, 69 Ridgefield Road, built 1832</p><br>
<p>Nathan Comstock House, 77 Ridgefield Road, built c. 1810</p><br>
<p>Winton House, 80 Ridgefield Road, built 1926</p><br>
<p>Halsey House, 98 Ridgefield Road, built 1934</p><br>
<p>Deodate Davenport House, 108 Ridgefield Road, built 1791</p><br>
<p>The district includes the Wilton Academy. The shape of the district is very irregular.</p><br>
<p>The Downtown Torrington Historic District encompasses the historic central downtown area of Torrington, Connecticut. Centered on a crossing of the Naugatuck River, the 56 acre historic district is well-represented with architecture from the mid-19th to early 20th centuries. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The area that is now downtown Torrington developed in the 18th century, as a major junction point of the north-south Waterbury Turnpike, connecting Waterbury in the south to Winchester in the north, with the Canton Turnpike, running east to Canton. These streets, now Main Street, South Main Street, and East Main Street, are still the major roads in the area. A mill was established on the Naugatuck River in 1813, and the area experienced more rapid growth after the railroad arrived in 1849. By 1880 the Central Square area was clearly established as the heart of the downtown area. The area declined economically in the 1920s, and the downtown area south of the river was subjected to urban renewal activities later in the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The historic district is a roughly triangular area centered on the junction of Main Street and East Main Street just north of the Naugatuck River. It extends northward along those roads, to Alvord and Willow Streets, and extends south, across the river, to include Coe Memorial Park and a few adjacent buildings. It covers 56 acre, with 71 historically significant buildings. It includes what was originally the Conley Hotel in 1891, now the Yankee Pedlar, as well as the Warner Theatre and the Fyler-Hotchkiss Estate, the latter two of which are individually listed on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>The Flanders Historic District is a historic district that encompasses a small cluster of late-18th to early-19th century residential structures north of the center of Kent, Connecticut, United States which was the original heart of the community when it was first settled. It is centered at the junction of USA Route 7 with Cobble Road and Studio Hill Road. The area was supplanted by the current town center in the 1840s. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The town of Kent was established in 1738, with the Connecticut Colony auctioning off land in this area late in that year. Settlers soon arrived, and the Flanders area became the town&#39;s main settlement. The oldest deeded house is The Nathaniel Slosson Homestead c. 1739, built during the settlement of Kent. The area remained of civic importance until the 1840s, when a railroad stop was established further south. This resulted in the migration of economic and civic functions to that area, which is where the present town center is located. Since then, the Flanders area has been a quiet rural residential village.</p><br>
<p>The historic district is centered at the junction of US 7 with Cobble Road and Studio Hill Road, and covers approximately 65 acre. It includes twelve major buildings, of which five are large Federal style houses, three are older colonial-era buildings, and two later Greek Revival structures. All of these building exhibit vernacular interpretations of those styles, with simplified decorative elements. Interior decorative elements also tend to be modest, with elaborate detailing often found only in the "best" parlor. The Federal period houses, for example, are built using traditional colonial forms, lacking period innovations such as hip roofs, but have Federal style pilasters at the corners, and may include some carved woodwork in the cornice.</p><br>
<p>The Hotchkissville Historic District is a historic district in the town of Woodbury, Connecticut, United States that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The town of Woodbury was established in the late 17th century. The Hotchkissville area was initially agricultural, and significant development did not begin until the Washington Turnpike, now Washington Road, opened in 1803. Early industrial activity on the Weekeepeemee River consisted of sawmills and gristmills, some operated by owners whose houses still stand in the district. Josiah Hotchkiss converted one of these sawmills into a textile mill in 1814. The Hotchkiss manufacturing enterprise grew through the first half of the 19th century, building worker house and a mill office, and expanding by the acquisition of other water privileges on the river. Their empire collapsed in the Panic of 1857. The mill properties were taken over by the Dawson family, and other industrial operations began in the second half of the 19th century. Businesses in the area were ultimately harmed and failed by the lack of adequate railroad connections.</p><br>
<p>The historic district is essentially linear in shape, extending along both sides of the Weekeepeemee River, with Washington Road (Connecticut Route 47) the main route on the east side, and Westwood Road on the west side. It is bounded in the south by Jacks Bridge Road, and the north by Paper Mill Road and an end to dense development on Weekeepeemee Road. Only remnants of the villages industrial past survive, its major mill complex having burned in 1920. Most of the buildings in the district are of either Federal or Greek Revival style, or have relatively modest later Victorian stylistic elements.</p><br>
<p>Significant contributing buildings include:</p><br>
<p>Josiah Hotchkiss House, 21 Weekeepeemee Rd, Colonial/Saltbox, 1760</p><br>
<p>Bela Potter House, 2 Easy Street, Italianate, 1847</p><br>
<p>John Ways House, 6 Easy Street, Italianate, 1847</p><br>
<p>Chester Knowles House, 10 Easy Street, Italianate, 1847</p><br>
<p>Eli S. Peet House, 152 Washington Road, Greek Revival, c.1835</p><br>
<p>The Lakeville Historic District in Salisbury, Connecticut is a historic district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996. It is also the name of a local historic district that was established in 1970. The local historic district is entirely included within the National Register-listed district.</p><br>
<p>The district represents about 10 acre of the village center of Lakeville, Connecticut where the street grid remains virtually unchanged from the late 19th century. The district is defined to include properties and sites that contributed to the historical development of the village. It is noted that the district area "is surrounded by a much larger area containing many additional historic industrial, commercial, residential, religious, and recreational sites and structures."</p><br>
<p>At listing, it included 19 contributing buildings, 3 noncontributing buildings and three contributing sites on a 10 acre area. Of the 22 buildings, 13 are houses, stores, industrial buildings or other primary buildings; 9 are barns or garages or other secondary structures. The three sites are two parks, Furnace Park and Bicentennial Park, and a millpond associated with Holley Manufacturing Company.</p><br>
<p>Several Holley Manufacturing Company buildings are included. The district includes the Holley Manufacturing Company building at 7 Holley Street, c.1870, the Holley Manufacturing Company building at 8 Holley Street, 1866, and the Holley Manufacturing Company mill pond.</p><br>
<p>The railroad arrived in Lakeville in 1871, and is represented in the district by the Lakeville Station, c.1871.</p><br>
<p>The Holley-Williams House, built 1768, is an "imposing" Federal-style house. Nearby are the Farnam Tavern, from 1759, and the John Hubbard House, from c.1830 (see accompanying photo #2). and</p><br>
<p>The Pine Meadow Historic District encompasses most of the historic 19th-century village of Pine Meadow in New Hartford, Connecticut, United States. Located at a bend in the West Branch of the Farmington River southeast of New Hartford center, it is a well-preserved example of a rural industrial village. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The town of New Hartford was settled in the 18th century, but its principal villages developed in the 19th century around water sources that powered its industries. Pine Meadow was one of these villages, whose origins lie in the damming of the West Branch Farmington River in 1806 by Roger Sheldon. Sheldon dug a power canal across the bend in the river that forms the villages north and east bounds, that was located between what are now Wickett and Main streets. Main Street, now USA Route 44, was then the Albany Turnpike, and Wickett Street is named for the control structures on the canal that provided water to the various industries powered by the dam. Industrial uses included a brass foundry, textile mill, and the woodworking factory of the Chapin family, which became one of the villages dominant businesses. Most of the industrial facilities of the village have been lost, leaving a combination of worker housing and higher-quality homes of business managers and owners.</p><br>
<p>The historic district is bounded on the north and east by the West Branch Farmington River, and on the southwest by a rising ridge that roughly parallels Main Street, with a former railroad right-of-way just above its base. Because the village was at its height in the mid-19th century, most of the distinguished architecture in the village is either Greek Revival or Italianate. The most prominent house in the district is the Philip Chapin House, one of New Hartfords finest examples of Italianate architecture; it was built by one of the business owners. There are many examples of housing built for workers, ranging from small single-family houses to multi-story tenements. A focal point of the village is the triangular green formed by Main Street and Church Street, where the Chapin House and St. Johns Episcopal Church, a fine example of Gothic Revival architecture, stand side by side.</p><br>
<p>NewHartfordCT PineMeadowHD 1.jpg</p><br>
<p>NewHartfordCT PineMeadowHD 4.jpg</p><br>
<p>The Sharon Valley Historic District is located around the junction of Kings Hill, Sharon Valley and Sharon Station roads in Sharon, Connecticut, United States. It is a small community that grew up around an iron mining and refining operation during the late 19th century, the first industry in Sharon.</p><br>
<p>Many of the buildings within date from that era. Some are intact examples of their respective architectural styles. There are remains of the original industrial facilities, and three iron bridges. The area was designated a historic district and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The district is an irregularly shaped area of 110 acre mostly following the three roads whose intersection defines it in the area between Webutuck and Indian Lake creeks. Other than the area with the former lime kiln, the large town complex with garage, park and ballfields to the immediate west is not included. Its north and south boundaries are at the point where development, or at least houses from the period of significance, ends along the roads in those directions.</p><br>
<p>It is a mostly level residential area with mature, tall trees remaining from the forests that preceded its agricultural use. The intersection is located roughly one mile (1.6 km) north of state highway CT 343, a thousand feet (300 m) east of the New York state line. The nearest large settlements are Amenia, New York, to the west and downtown Sharon to the east. The large Coleman Station Historic District in North East, New York, is a short distance to the northwest.</p><br>
<p>Most of its several dozen contributing properties are 19th-century houses with the occasional outbuilding such as a barn. The oldest are in the Federal style and date to ca. 1825; the newest were built in the early 20th century. Non-contributing properties are mostly the more modern houses that have been built, some in the center of the district, and a state Department of Transportation sandpit. The land on which the mill, lime kiln and other remaining industrial facilities once stood is also included as a contributing property.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Sharon&#39;s economy had been exclusively agricultural throughout the colonial era and after independence. Gristmills built on its creeks were precursors to industrialization, and in 1825 heavy industry came to Sharon with the construction of the first iron furnace. The valley, with both ideal water power from the two creeks, abundant forest for the making of charcoal, good sand, limestone in the nearby hills and ore near Indian Lake to the north, was an ideal site.</p><br>
<p>The Sharon Valley Iron Companys (SVI) cold blast furnace employed 12 at first, enough to make it the towns largest employer by the 1850 census. Over time they built six houses for their workers, a barn, and the Carpenter Gothic office at the center of the district, today the Valley Tavern. They also likely ran the lime kiln as a sideline to their main business.</p><br>
<p>A few years after SVI established its furnace, Asahel Hotchkiss began his malleable iron works behind his house at 53 Sharon Valley Road. He formed partnerships with other local entrepreneurs, and by 1850 he, too, was a major local employer, with that year&#39;s census counting nine workers and valuing his annual production at $25,000 ($ in contemporary dollars). His son Andrew invented the exploding artillery shell, a weapon that proved useful to the Union Army in the American Civil War. By the time the conflict began the Hotchkisses had moved to a new plant at the junction of Indian Lake Creek and Sharon Valley Road. The 1860 census records Hotchkiss & Sons along with the closely related Jewett Manufacturing Company employing 87.</p><br>
<p>SVI went to hot blast production in 1863. After the war Hotchkiss moved to Bridgeport. The Jewett operations remained in the valley, and employed 48 in 1879. Demand declined late in the century. SVI sold out to Barnum & Morehouse in 1898, and the lime kiln and furnace shut down around two years later.</p><br>
<h2>Significant contributing properties</h2><br>
<p>Berlin Bridge over Webutuck Creek along Sharon Station Road. A lenticular truss bridge built by the Berlin Bridge Company in 1880 and shipped to the area for installation by local residents. It is considered the most visually distinctive of the three bridges in the district.</p><br>
<p>Asahel Hotchkiss House, 53 Sharon Valley Road. One of the oldest houses in the district was the residence of one of its major entrepreneurs.</p><br>
<p>Lime kiln ruins along Sharon Station Road at Webutuck Creek. A stone foundation and some blocks are the most that remain of any of Sharon Valley&#39;s industrial production facilities.</p><br>
<p>Valley Tavern, 34 Sharon Valley Road. The Sharon Valley Iron Company used this distinctive Carpenter Gothic house at the Sharon Station Road intersection as their office.</p><br>
<p>Abel Woods House, 36 Sharon Valley Road. Local lore dates this to 1750 but it is more likely to have been built around 1825. It is said to have some of the most elaborate Federal style interiors in the state.</p><br>
<p>The West Goshen Historic District is a historic district in the village of West Goshen in the town of Goshen, Connecticut, United States. It encompasses a well-preserved early 19th-century industrial village, with twenty historically significant properties in the village, most of which lie on Connecticut Route 4 between Beach Street and Thompson Road. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The village of West Goshen, located west of the village center of Goshen on the Sharon Turnpike (Connecticut Route 4), was isolated and not developed until that road was built about 1770. The area was recognized for the potential of its water power earlier, with a gristmill and sawmill standing on the banks of local waterways in the 1740s. More development took place with the construction of a woolen mill in 1810, intended to process the output of Goshen&#39;s large sheep population. This prompted the construction of worker housing for the mill employees, and a small village quickly arose. The West Goshen Store, built in 1814, is one of the products of this period of growth. The village declined around the time of the American Civil War, as water power began to be phased out for industrial works.</p><br>
<p>The historic district is about 29 acre in size, extending along Route 4 between Beach Street and Thompson Road. It is roughly bisected by a branch of the Marshepaug River, where its mill resources (none of which have survived in more than archaeological form) survive. Most of this area&#39;s buildings are residential and were built in the early decades of the 19th century, with Federal or Greek Revival style. There are some buildings that are older and some that date to the 1880s. Non-residential buildings include the former West Goshen Store (330 Rt. 4) and a former carding mill at 331 Rt. 4, built in 1818.</p><br>
<p>The Central Village Historic District is a historic district in the Central Village area of Plainfield, Connecticut, United States that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places  in 1991.</p><br>
<p>The area that is now Central Village was a typical agricultural area until 1814, when a consortium of locals built a small cotton mill on the banks of the Moosup River. This enterprise gradually expanded, with the owners building housing for the mill workers, creating a small village. In 1845, the Central Manufacturing Company, then the villages largest employer, built a brick mill. The villages growth was encouraged by the arrival of the railroad in 1839, which was run midway between two mill locations. The cotton mills declined in the late 19th century, but its economy was propped up by other industries until the early 20th century, when the Plainfield Woolen Company revived the textile industry, building the principal surviving mill building.</p><br>
<p>The Telluride Historic District encompasses a significant portion of the developed area of the former mining boom town of Telluride, Colorado. Telluride was founded in 1878, and was a major metals mining center until 1913. The historic district covers 80 acre of downtown Telluride and surrounding residential areas, as well as Lone Tree Cemetery, the town&#39;s first cemetery.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Tellurides history begins with the discovery of silver in the area in 1875, resulting in the creation of a large mining camp, which was incorporated in 1878. The citys importance as a mining center was cemented by the construction of a wagon road in 1882 and the arrival of the railroad in 1890, facilitating the transport of the mined ores to smelters further east. The arrival of the railroad also spurred a construction boom, resulting in much of the historic architecture seen in the city today.</p><br>
<p>The historic district includes most of Colorado Street, which serves as the city&#39;s main commercial avenue. The city was laid out in a manner typical of other boom towns, with higher-end housing on the slope above the main street, and lower class housing and industrial activities set below it, along with its red light district, gambling saloons, and the city jail. Distinctive surviving elements in the latter area include</p><br>
<p>several bordello cribs, small wood-frame portable structures from which prostitutes plied their trade. Surviving along Colorado Street are several false front commercial buildings that survive from its early mining camp days.</p><br>
<p>Seton Village is a National Historic Landmark District in a rural residential area south of Santa Fe in Santa Fe County, New Mexico, United States. It encompasses a residential settlement and educational facility established in 1930 by Ernest Thompson Seton , an educator and conservationist best known as a founder of the Boy Scouts of America. The district includes the remains of Seton&#39;s 32-room home and other residential and educational buildings constructed mostly between 1930 and 1945. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1965.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Seton Village is located approximately 7 mi south of downtown Santa Fe and west of Interstate 25 on County Road 58. The village has a central plaza, ringed by adobe residences and community buildings. To the east of the plaza stand the remains of Seton&#39;s 32-room castle, which burned during restoration in 2005. Distinctive structures in the village include two buildings that were built around railroad cars that Seton brought to the site. Stripped of their interiors, the two cars were finished plaster on the inside, and had adobe walls built around them. One of these buildings has since had the car removed from its inside.</p><br>
<h3>Seton Castle</h3><br>
<p>Seton began designing and building his castle in 1933. The 32-room, 6,900 square foot (640 m) multi-level building had a flat-roof and rough hewn stone wall exterior. The interior had oak floors and plaster walls with the ceilings supported by log rafters. The Castle was built on one of the highest points on Seton&#39;s property, with views over his village and the western landscape.</p><br>
<h3>Community activities</h3><br>
<p>The Village was home to the Seton Institute, including the Woodcraft League and the College of Indian Wisdom, which provided Woodcraft and Scouting leaders with a variety of training opportunities. The Institute closed at the outbreak of World War II.</p><br>
<p>At Seton&#39;s invitation, Maurice and Marceil Taylor moved their printing equipment to New Mexico in 1938 and set up the Seton Village Press. The Village Press closed in 1943, also because of the war.</p><br>
<h2>Seton Village today</h2><br>
<p>Seton Village is designated a National Historic Landmark and a New Mexico State Cultural Property. The Academy for the Love of Learning, an educational organization which owns the property, preserved the castle ruins as a "contemplative garden." The Academy&#39;s Seton Legacy Project maintains a collection of art and archives pertaining to Ernest Thompson Seton. The Academy Campus, including the Seton art gallery, opened in 2011.</p><br>
<p>The village has a view of the Jemez Mountains and Mount Taylor.</p><br>
<h2>Education</h2><br>
<p>It is within Santa Fe Public Schools.</p><br>
<p>The Sykesville Historic District encompasses the center of Sykesville, Maryland. Sykesville is a small incorporated town in the Patapsco River valley in southern Carroll County, Maryland, and is located on the old main line of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad , one of the first railroad lines in the United States, that section dating from 1831. The B&O train station is included in the district, next to the river. It was designed by E. Francis Baldwin in the Queen Anne style and built in 1883. It is currently a restaurant having outdoor seating on the original platform . Other historically significant buildings in the district were built between the 1850s and the 1920s.</p><br>
<p>The former First Church of Christ, Scientist, built in 1912, is a historic Christian Science church edifice located at 1366 South Alvarado Street in Pico-Union, Los Angeles, California.</p><br>
<p>The former church is a Historic district contributing property in the Alvarado Terrace Historic District, which was added on May 17, 1984, to the National Register of Historic Places. It is also a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The First Church of Christ, Scientist was designed by noted Los Angeles architect, Elmer Grey in a mixture of Beaux Arts—Italianate—Spanish Romanesque Revival styles.</p><br>
<p>The church building was sold in 1972 and was used as a synagogue for a time. It then become the Los Angeles branch of the ill-fated Disciples of Christ church, known as the Peoples Temple, led by the Reverend Jim Jones. First Church of Christ, Scientist, is no longer listed in the Christian Science Journal.</p><br>
<p>It is now a Spanish-speaking Seventh-day Adventist church called Iglesia Adventista Central.</p><br>
<p>Lahaina Historic District is a National Historic Landmark District encompassing most of the community of Lahaina, Hawaii, on the west side of the island of Maui in the US state of Hawaii. Designated in 1962, the district recognizes Lahaina for its well-preserved character as a 19th-century port, and for its social and economic importance in the 19th century as a major whaling center in the Pacific, and as one of the capital cities of the Kingdom of Hawaii.</p><br>
<p>Lahaina was a popular residential center for the kings of Maui prior to the arrival of European explorers in the late 18th century. Kamehameha I made his landing here when he began the conquest of Maui in 1795, and Kamehameha II established a residence here in 1819. That same year, the first whaling ships arrived, beginning the community&#39;s rise in economic importance. Lahaina eclipsed Oahu as a preferred whaling port between 1840 and 1855, because of its better deep-water anchorage. When Kamehameha III ascended to the Hawaiian throne in 1825, he made Lahaina his capital, preferring it to the busier Honolulu. The town declined in economic importance in the 1860s, as the whaling industry waned.</p><br>
<p>It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1962. The district is bounded on the north by Puuona Point, the south by Makila Point, and the east by the ridge of hills above the town. Its western bound extends all the way out to the island of Lānaʻi, encompassing the Lahaina Roads, the roadstead which enabled the town&#39;s growth in the 19th century. Donn Beach and Pete Wimberly played an important early role in establishing building ordinances to govern restoration and preservation projects in Lahaina.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings</h2><br>
<p>When the landmark district was designated in 1962, nine buildings were called out for their specific contribution to the district. The Historic American Buildings Survey collected detailed drawings in the 1960s and 1970s. The district suffered catastrophic damage in the 2023 Hawaii wildfires with historic structures being destroyed (highlighted with red background).</p><br>
<p>The General Francis H. West House is an octagon house built in 1860 in Monroe, Wisconsin. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975 for its association with the historically significant West, and for its unusual combination of multiple polygons.</p><br>
<p>Francis H. West was a New Englander who came west to become an early settler of the Monroe area. He had a diverse career, including lead miner, lumberman, state senator, and California explorer.</p><br>
<p>West built the current octagon house from 1860 to 1861, with walls of brick two stories high. Most octagon houses are a single octagon, but this one is three joined polygons, with a rectangular wing behind and a small octagonal cupola on top of them all. The styling outside is Italianate, with brackets and knob pendants under the eaves.</p><br>
<p>Inside, the first floor contains a foyer, a parlor, a study, and a dining room, with the rectangular wing containing a kitchen, a family room, and a patio. Some of these rooms have parquet floors. The second floor holds bedrooms and a bathroom, with a library in the rectangular wing. From the start, West&#39;s house included a progressive-for-the-time gravity plumbing system fed by a tank in the attic, and an "air conditioning" system which let air funnel from the cupola above into the rooms below.</p><br>
<p>Orson Fowler of New York was the proponent of octagon houses, publishing a book on them in 1847. Its unclear how much Francis West was influenced by Fowler, but Wests combination of polygons is unique in Wisconsin and not an idea from Fowler.</p><br>
<p>The Lyon County Courthouse in Yerington, Nevada is a courthouse which is listed in the National Register of Historic Places. It currently serves as a courthouse for Lyon County, Nevada.</p><br>
<p>It was designed by Nevada architect Frederick DeLongchamps in Beaux Arts style and was built during 1911–12. It was extended in 1936.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The courthouse was erected before World War I, it is situated in a park-like setting. It reserves richness in uprightness. The building is placed on about 1.4 acres of property which is County owned. The building faces Yerington&#39;s main street which orientates it towards the east. Its neighboring area has residential buildings and commercial buildings as well.</p><br>
<p>For US$35,000, the Reno contractor constructed the courthouse. The establishment is 3-story and its structural measurement is ninety feet by eighty feet. It has an office space of 18,000 square feet. The courthouse is structurally the most high-rise concrete and brick building of Yerington.</p><br>
<p>A brick wall runs constantly from the base to the top of the structure that creates a parapet wall above the ornamental eave line. The sign of Terra-cotta is visible on the building&#39;s columns, window, and door.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>At a cost of forty thousand USD, the west half of the courthouse was added in 1936. The establishment housed several offices and personnel associated with both County and State governments since 1912.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The courthouse is an example of sophisticated Beaux-Arts-inspired architecture. Frederick J. DeLongchamps practiced the style throughout the State. It is believed that it is allowed under criteria C. The Lyon County Courthouse is important to Yerington city and Lyon County as a sign of resolving a disputation between the northern and southern parts of the county for the privilege of housing the county seat.</p><br>
<p>Regarding the placement of the county seat, disputation often arose in large Nevada counties with sparse populations and few big cities. The reason behind this quarrel was the result often guaranteed the survival and growth of the defeater, while the losers’ prospects were remarkably reduced. Close to the dwindling Comstock Lode, Dayton was the Lyon Country’s seat in 1910. The combination of that economic decline and a fire that wrecked the functioning courthouse caused the contest for the seat by the natives of Yerington, located to the south. Lyon County Courthouse was built the next year in Yerington. The deciding factor was the expansion of mining in Mason Valley.</p><br>
<p>The Adams-Pickering Block is a historic commercial building at Main and Middle Streets in Bangor, Maine. Built in 1873, it is one of the major surviving works of local architect George W. Orff in the city, and one of the few of the period to survive Bangor&#39;s Great Fire of 1911.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Adams-Pickering Block is located in central Bangor, just south of West Market Square, at the northwest corner of Main and Middle Streets. It is a four-story, Second Empire-style building, which is distinctive for its granite facade, cast iron trim, and mansard roof. The Pickering Block, at the corner with Middle Street, is six bays wide, while the Adams Block, to its right, is seven. Windows on the second and third floors are set in segmented-arch openings, with decorative key-stoned hoods. When built in 1871, its ground floor had mostly cast iron elements, but the storefronts have been modernized, and only fragments of the original trim remain.</p><br>
<p>The twin blocks were built in 1871 to a design by Bangor native architect George W. Orff, and was built on the site of "The Main Street Fire" of 1872, which killed one and injured 8. It was one of a number of high-profile commissions Orff executed in downtown Bangor in those years, of which this is a rare survivor of both the Great Fire of 1911 and urban renewal of the 1960s. The building was one of the largest local commissions for Orff, who subsequently migrated to Minnesota.</p><br>
<p>George W. Pickering (1799-1876) was a prominent local merchant and President of the Kenduskeag Bank (incorporated 1847). His maternal grandfather Jacob Dennett was one of the original settlers of Bangor, part of a group which arrived in 1771. Pickering was also the 12th Mayor of Bangor (1853–54), and Vice President of the Bangor Theological Seminary. Pickering Square in Downtown Bangor is named for him. According to historian James Vickery he "was called the best businessman in Bangor by his contemporaries"</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 2, 1974.</p><br>
<p>The United States Post Office in Lima, Ohio, United States is a historic Neoclassical building erected in 1930. Located along High Street west of the center of the city,</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Lima&#39;s first post office was built at the intersection of High and Elizabeth Streets. When officials decided to replace this structure with a newer building, the lot chosen was two blocks to the west.</p><br>
<p>Lima reached its height during the early years of the twentieth century. As the city became a major center for Standard Oil and as the hometown Lima Locomotive Works became a major player in the manufacturing of locomotives, the economy boomed, and many large buildings were erected in and around downtown. Although the 1930 post office was built near the end of this boom period, its architecture greatly resembles that of many buildings constructed during the boom.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Completed in 1931, the current post office is a single-story concrete building. Each end of the building features pilasters, doubly fluted, and a large triple casement window with a balustrade beneath. Elsewhere in the building, the casement windows are three panels tall and two panels wide; many windows feature a prominent transom. Customers can enter the building through any of three double doors, which are located between pairs of pilasters carven to resemble columns.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>The interior of the post office is built primarily of marble and of hardwoods. Its ceiling is constructed primarily of heavily contrasting marble coffering.</p><br>
<h2>Recognition</h2><br>
<p>In 1982, the post office was listed on the National Register of Historic Places because of its well-preserved architecture. It was one of seventeen buildings listed on the National Register as part of the "Lima Multiple Resource Area."</p><br>
<p>The Musick Guard Station is a rustic cabin located in the Umpqua National Forest in western Oregon, United States. It was originally built to house fire crews assigned to patrol the surrounding National Forest. In the 1990s, the United States Forest Service began renting Musick Guard Station to recreational visitors. The Musick Guard Station is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the 1920s and 1930s, Forest Service employees often traveled many miles from local ranger stations to forest work sites. Since the forest road networks were not well developed, getting to a job site meant a long trek, carrying all the equipment need to perform the field work. This made it impractical for employees to make daily round-trips. To facilitate work at remote sites, the Forest Service built guard stations at strategic locations throughout the forest to house fire patrols and project crews.</p><br>
<p>After World War II, the Forest Service greatly expanded its road network, allowing employees to get to most National Forest areas within a few hours. As a result, guard stations lost their utility. The Forest Service found new uses for some stations, but most were demolished or abandoned. In the 1990s, historic preservation groups with the support of Forest Service employees began pressing National Forest managers to preserve the remaining structures. To finance the preservation effort the Forest Service started renting its guard stations to the public.</p><br>
<p>The Musick Guard Station was built by the Civilian Conservation Corps in 1934. It is located in the Umpqua National Forest approximately 38 mi east of Cottage Grove, Oregon, in the heart of the old Bohemia mining district. The area is named after James "Bohemia" Johnson, the prospector who discovered gold there in 1863. The guard station was named after the nearby Musick Mine, a large gold mining operation in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.</p><br>
<p>It was originally used as a home station for fire crews that patrolled the forests around the Bohemia mining area. The cabin was used as a summer barracks for Forest Service fire patrols and trail crews until the 1960s when it was abandoned. In the early 1990s, the Forest Service started renting cabins including Musick Guard Station to the public for recreational purposes. Because of its rustic architecture and the cabin&#39;s unique historic value as an early Forest Service guard station, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>The Musick Guard Station is located on a narrow forested ridge between Fairview Peak and Grouse Mountain, at about 5,000 ft elevation. It is surrounded by rugged 6,000 ft mountains with steep slopes covered with Douglas fir, spruce, and western hemlock. The Musick Guard Station is a rustic two-story cabin. It has a wood-frame structure and a concrete foundation. The exterior is covered with weatherboard and shingles. It is stained dark brown so it blends into the surrounding forest landscape.</p><br>
<p>On the first floor, the cabin has three rooms. There is a central living room, a kitchen, and a small bedroom. The upstairs is a bunkroom that provides additional sleeping quarters. The cabin has two wooden platform beds and four bunk bed sets; however, there are no mattresses. The cabin is also furnished with table and chairs. In the living room, there is a wood-burning stove for heat. In the kitchen, there is a wood-burning cook stove. The cabin does not have electricity or water.</p><br>
<p>There is a vault-type outhouse located near the cabin. A horse barn, a small shed, an outdoor fireplace with a cooking grill, and a picnic table are also located on the guard station grounds. There is room for tent camping at the site as well.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>In the summer, visitors can hike nearby trails. The Bohemia Mountain Trail is a particularly popular. The trailhead is a little over a mile from the guard station. From there, it is a 3/4 mile hike to the summit of Bohemia Mountain which is highest point on the Cottage Grove Ranger District. However, it is not an easy hike with grades averaging 15-20 percent most of the way. A one-way trip takes about an hour from the trailhead. Hikers must pack their own water since none is available on the trail. From the summit of Bohemia Mountain there is an excellent view of the Cascade Range from Mount Hood to Mount Shasta.</p><br>
<p>In the Bohemia area, it is important to stay on designated hiking trails. Most of the old mines in the area are located on private property and can be very dangerous. It is particularly dangerous to enter abandoned tunnels or shafts.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>Musick Guard Station is available for public reservations from mid-June to mid-October at a rate of $50 per night. The Umpqua National Forest keeps 95 percent of the rental fee to maintain the cabin and improve the site. The maximum capacity of the cabin is 10 people. There is no electricity or water at the site. Therefore, visitors must bring plenty of water for drinking, cooking, and washing, as well as a cold chest and non-flammable lanterns or lights. In addition, visitors must bring their own sleeping bags or bedding, cooking utensils, toiletries, towel, and first aid kit.</p><br>
<p>Musick Guard Station is located 38 mi from Cottage Grove. There are a number of alternative routes to the guard station. Contact the Umpqua National Forest headquarters in Roseburg, Oregon or the Cottage Grove Ranger District in Cottage Grove during normal business hours for route information and road conditions.</p><br>
<p>The Broadway Historic District in Bangor, Maine, United States, bounded by Garland, Essex, State, Park, and Center Streets, is one of the residential neighborhoods most favored by the city&#39;s lumber barons and business elites in the early to late 19th century. A second and slightly later Bangor neighborhood of primarily elite houses, centered on West Broadway, is also listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Whitney Park Historic District. Both historic districts are also protected under local ordinance.</p><br>
<p>Broadway reflects Bangors aspirations, in the 1820s-1830s, to become one of the chief port cities in New England, if not the East Coast. It was laid out roughly on the model of Bostons Beacon Hill, with a green strip running down the center for the first two blocks, planted with a double row of elm trees. A few blocks further on, the street bisects a large park (Broadway Park), which is the terminus of the historic district. The district also includes some immediate side streets of equal status, notably French Street, whose houses overlooked downtown Bangor from a bluff.</p><br>
<p>The first residences built along the streets green strip in the 1820s-30s were large brick double-houses and single-houses, again conformed to the city-scape of Boston. Typical of these early houses are the Hinkley House, a brick duplex built in the 1820s, and Fred Dickey House, an elegant Federal style house built in 1807. Within the first decade, however, brick had given way to fully detached wooden mansions, though the size and stylistic ambitions of the owners didnt diminish. The district features houses built in every period and style from the 1820s through the early 20th century (e.g. Greek Revival, Italianate, Second Empire, Colonial Revival, etc.). Part of the district was devastated by the Great Fire of 1911, and although most of the burned section was rebuilt, Broadway began to be abandoned as newer and more attractive elite neighborhoods began to open up (e.g. Little City and Fairmount Park). The construction of the large Catholic John Bapst High School in the center of the district in the 1920s, for which a number of mansions were demolished, was likely the tipping point in the neighborhood&#39;s conversion to mixed use.</p><br>
<p>Irvington Town Hall is located on Main Street in the village of Irvington in the USA state of New York. In addition to being home to the village government, police department, and until 2000 the public library, it has a public reading room in keeping with the requirements of the original land deed. A 432-seat theatre, used for many local gatherings such as school graduations, was also built on the second story.</p><br>
<p>The Town Hall was built in 1902 from a design by local architect Albert J. Manning, an early use of the Colonial Revival architectural style for a civic building. The inside also features glasswork and mosaics by Louis Comfort Tiffany, whose father, Charles Lewis Tiffany, had an estate in the village. These two factors led to its listing on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984, and has also been a contributing property to the Irvington Historic District since 2014.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The two-story brick building is seven bays square on a raised basement of randomly coursed stone. The facade is trimmed in terra cotta and stone. The former is used for the window lintels and sills as well as an intermediate cornice; the latter for the water table. It is topped with a shallow hipped roof that has some of its original metal sheathing.</p><br>
<p>At the second story of the front facade, there is a balustraded projecting portico three bays wide with freestanding engaged Ionic columns and Doric pilasters supporting a full entablature with denticulated pediment. It is in turn topped with a three-stage wooden clock tower with round-arched louvered openings, paired Corinthian columns supporting block entablatures and paired scroll brackets. The very top of Town Hall is the clock towers domed roof. This feature has made the clock tower one of Irvingtons most recognizable local landmarks.</p><br>
<p>The main entrance uses an arched Gibbs-style surround. The building&#39;s trim materials show up in the form of solid stone balustrades that curl to form newel posts at the sidewalk, and terra cotta quoins. The rear facade is less detailed, with terra cotta used only for the coping of the stepped cornice; stone and brick are used everywhere else.</p><br>
<p>Much of the interior is in paneled dark wood, with wainscoting in some rooms. In the library, the dark wood is used for ceiling beams with famous literary quotations inscribed in gold leaf. It is lit by chandeliers and lanterns designed by Louis Comfort Tiffany. Its plaster walls give way to a domed ceiling and display niches in the main area, with some open areas featuring decorative corbels.</p><br>
<p>The theater features a complete orchestra and balcony section, with the private booths featuring round openings separated by Doric posts with Adamesque detail. The proscenium arch also includes heavy classical detailing.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The property where Town Hall now stands was first developed in 1869, when a local organization called the Mental and Moral Improvement Society built what it called the Atheneum, which housed a circulating library. During the last decades of the 19th century, the village grew rapidly, and by the 1890s needed a central place to house its various governmental functions. In 1892 the society conveyed the Atheneum property to the village with the condition that it maintain, in perpetuity, a library and reading room in the building and construct the building within five years.</p><br>
<p>After the village had not been able to find a suitable architect by 1897, the society agreed to a five-year extension. Manning, a former office manager to New York City architect Robert Robertson, finally produced a design the village liked, and it was completed and opened in 1902, at the end of the extension. Financial assistance came from some of the villages wealthier residents. Frederick W. Guiteau, a member of the society, endowed the library with $10,000 which he had apparently originally intended to bequeath to it in his will. Helen Gould, who had grown up in the nearby Lyndhurst estate as the daughter of Jay Gould, contributed the cost of the interior finishings and made Tiffanys work possible. The Arts and Crafts furniture she bought is still in use.</p><br>
<p>The new town hall became the center of Irvington&#39;s public life the village had envisioned. The theatre in particular was used for public events such as school graduation ceremonies, police and fire balls, plays and other cultural events. Eleanor Roosevelt spoke at a Democratic rally just before her husband was elected President in 1932.</p><br>
<p>In the mid-20th century, the library needed space and took over the stair area leading up to the theater. A tower was added to the rear exterior to compensate. After the state fire code was revised in the 1960s, however, the theatre no longer met those standards and could not be used as a public space. The library used it as storage space afterwards, with a few occasional public exhibitions, as it continued to deteriorate. In 1978, the Irvington Town Hall Theatre Group raised $100,000, mostly from the village, for the necessary improvements and restoration of earlier period details such as light fixtures. It reopened in late 1981 and has been in use ever since.</p><br>
<p>By the 1990s the library was again in need of space, and had to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act requiring greater physical accessibility. It moved into another local historic structure, the Lord and Burnham Building on South Astor Street, but a reading room, the so-called "Tiffany Room", remains in the Town Hall, to fulfill the requirements of the original deed.</p><br>
<p>The Admirals House is a historic building located in the Nolan Park area of Governors Island in New York Harbor. It was originally designed by Martin E. Thompson in the Greek Revival style, and completed in 1843. The Admirals House is both on the National Register of Historic Places and a New York City designated landmark.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was designed in 1840 by Martin E. Thompson in the Greek Revival style, and construction was completed in 1843. The rear of the house was redesigned in 1936-37 by Charles O. Cornelius, who removed the house&#39;s original peak roof and added ironwork to the structure.</p><br>
<h3>Uses</h3><br>
<p>Governors Island hosted a USA Army post alternately known as Fort Columbus and Fort Jay and headquarters from the 1870s until 1965 when the structure was known as the Commanding Officer&#39;s Quarters or Quarters 1. Residents included Omar N. Bradley, Robert Lee Bullard, Adna Chaffee, John J. Pershing, Walter Bedell Smith, Leonard Wood, Jonathan Wainwright, and Winfield Scott Hancock, who ran for president while living here.</p><br>
<p>In 1966 the island became a USA Coast Guard base and headquarters for the Third Coast Guard District and the Atlantic Area Command, and the house was renamed Admirals House. It was officially designated as Building 1. On December 7, 1988, the house was the location of a meeting between Mikhail Gorbachev, then General Secretary of the Soviet Union and USA President Ronald Reagan, immediately after Gorbachevs speech to the United Nations announcing "perestroika". The summit meeting helped the two countries to take steps which led to the end of the Cold War.</p><br>
<p>The Admiral&#39;s House was designated a New York City landmark in 1967 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Admiral&#39;s House is two stories tall, with a high basement to its east, where the land slopes downward. The original (1843) wing was described as having "the character of a country villa with some unusual exterior woodwork" as well as a cornice with scalloped molding as well as latticed porch columns. The porches on both the east and west sides have two-story-high Doric wooden columns. The porch on the west side contains granite steps, while the porch on the east side has a veranda that branches out to semicircular brick steps. There are wrought-iron lamps beside both staircases as well as a wrought-iron railing at the back staircase. The southern and western elevations of the south wing also have a porch with wrought-iron railings.</p><br>
<p>A brick walkway flanked by a pair of cannons leads from Nolan Park to the front entrance, on the western side. A Colonial Revival doorway is located at the front entrance, while full-height windows with shutters are located to either side of the front door. The rear porch on the eastern side has double doors below transoms. The other windows in the Admiral&#39;s House are either six-over-six or nine-over-nine, with shutters.</p><br>
<p>The Mitchell – Foster – Young House is a historic house located just outside Oxford, Mississippi off the highway to New Albany. The house, thought to be one of the oldest standing farmhouses in the county, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>Beginning when the original 1839 land grant was issued by President Martin Van Buren, the property was an active working farm until mid-1942 when then owner George Wright Young was infirm and left the property to live with relatives in central Mississippi. After he vacated the house, the property was then rented for several years. The house subsequently was closed and remained unoccupied for over six decades.</p><br>
<p>Over time, weather and decay caused all outbuildings, including the barn, to fall but the house remained primarily due to the integrity of the corrugated metal roof. The house&#39;s isolation in the woods hid and protected it from potential vandals.</p><br>
<p>Rotting at the corners where vines and moisture encroached finally threatened to undermine the integrity of the structure and the unoccupied house was in danger of collapsing in 2005, when a plan to repair it was created. Those plans were abandoned when termite and other animal-caused damage was discovered. The house had been originally built too close to the ground, making it impossible to avoid future similar damage if the house was simply repaired without a proper higher foundation. Alternatively, a plan was implemented to dismantle the house nail-by-nail and board-by-board and completely restore the house. A newly built barn housed the methodically marked and cataloged timbers and boards, until a new, raised foundation was built. Then, in reverse order, the timbers and boards were reassembled and reinstalled.</p><br>
<p>Several unanticipated and yet to be explained building techniques and materials used in the house&#39;s original construction were discovered during the restoration process. Additionally, a detailed review and assessment of each prior owner was performed using property and US Census records. Collectively, they established more clearly the phases and dates of construction.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Several years after the Treaty of Pontotoc Creek between the Chickasaw Nation and the government was signed in October 1832, land grants were sold. The treaty ceded land that is now north Mississippi and western Tennessee. In Lafayette County, created in 1836, the more popular and in-demand land grants were near the rivers west of the town of Oxford. The land to the east was hillier and relatively less desirable for farming.</p><br>
<p>In 1839, the US government issues a land-grant for the Mitchell – Foster – Young property, east of the town of Oxford, to Benjamin M. Mitchell, who apparently did not live on the property, but did live in Lafayette County. He applied for and received a brand from the newly formed Lafayette County, and used the property for his cattle that roamed freely. He likely built the original 20’ x 20’ log cabin c1840 for his overseers.</p><br>
<p>The original owner sold the property in 1847 to the Fosters, a farming family of six that lived in the Paris community of Lafayette County, just south of Oxford. They were responsible for renovating the one room log cabin, converting it to a three-room house with an east-to-west gable roof. It took them several years to construct the addition to the house. In the 1860 US Census, they were still living in the Paris community. The Fosters likely completed the house and moved before the outbreak of the Civil War. By the time of the 1870 US Census, they are living in the house.</p><br>
<p>This large farming family owned the house until 1894. During the time they owned the property and lived in the house, it is likely the final construction was completed.</p><br>
<p>George W. Young&#39;s father-in-law, Edward Henry Woodward, bought this property and the adjacent property to the east in 1900, and along with his son, James Richard Woodward, moved their families from the Caswell Community just northeast of Oxford.</p><br>
<p>Their families lived on the adjoining parcels of land and they shared the farming responsibilities. Things were going so well that Richard bought two more quarter sections bordering on the farm in 1902. They now owned 540 acres.</p><br>
<p>Then everything changed for Richard. Henry died in 1904, and Henry&#39;s wife, Richard&#39;s mother, died a year later. Richard or someone very close to the family successfully convinced his sister Claudia and her new husband George W. Young to sell his farm in Panola County and to move to the property, where Claudia&#39;s parents had lived until their recent death.</p><br>
<p>George, Claudia, and their three children moved from Sardis to Lafayette County in 1905, and he farmed the property until 1942.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The George Wright Young House is located east of Oxford, Mississippi. The house is a two-story, side-gabled, center-hall planter&#39;s cottage with a rear ell.</p><br>
<p>The original c1840 cabin was a one-room structure with the massive stone fireplace, a north-to-south gable roof, no windows, and a door facing the north.</p><br>
<p>The house was augmented in at least three phases and is believed to have taken its present form c1859.</p><br>
<p>The main façade facing north is three bays wide (room 1, foyer hall and room 2) featuring double four-paneled door entrance in the central bay, flanked by a pair of six-over-nine, double-hung “cottage” windows in each of the outer bays. An undercut gallery with plain square wood columns spans four-fifths of the façade and features a wooden deck.</p><br>
<p>The west façade is also three bays wide (room 2, room 3 and room 4) featuring a brick shouldered chimney outside room 2 flanked by a pair of four-over-four windows on the main floor and a pair of two-over-three windows in the second floor attic, a pair of six-over-six windows in room 3, and an exit door in room 4.</p><br>
<p>The rear of the house facing south is three bays wide (room 4, center hall and room 1). There are no windows at the end of ell, but there is a six-over-nine window on the rear of room 1. The rear has a single exterior door from the hall.</p><br>
<p>The east façade is also three bays wide (room 4 and room 3 in the ell, and room 1) featuring a small two-over-two window in room 4, a single exterior door from room 3 and a massive sandstone shouldered chimney outside of room 1 flanked by a pair of two-over-three windows in the second-floor attic.</p><br>
<p>The house rests on stone piers and the roof is clad in corrugated metal. The walls of the entire façade are clad in weatherboard siding.</p><br>
<h2>Construction Phases</h2><br>
<p>Constructed c1840, the house was originally a single 20’ x 20’ room (room 1) with a massive fireplace on the east wall.</p><br>
<p>The building was constructed with large hand-hewn heart of pine timbers. Using a broad axe, the timbers were hewn flat on both the exterior and the interior sides. The rectangular hewn timbers were typically in excess of seventeen-inches high and six-inches deep. They were stacked horizontally from just above the ground to a height of approximately 12 feet at the eve of the gabled roof, which ran north-to-south. On the east side, the eve was just below the top of the chimney. The timbers, some twenty feet long, were joined at the corners with square notching. The sill timbers were supported at the corners with piers composed of stacked local rocks.</p><br>
<p>There were generally two reasons that builders of the period hewed the exterior and/or the interior of the timbers into a flat surface. One, was to remove the bark and sapwood layers which, over time, promoted rotting, and the second reason was to apply weatherboard siding on the exterior and/or wall boards on the interior. The building likely had both interior wall boards and exterior weather strip siding.</p><br>
<p>The interior ceiling in the cabin was eight feet high and the ceiling rafters were notched into the fourth from the top course of timbers, leaving about four feet of attic space at the eves, and approximately seven feet at the gable ridge. With a hole in the ceiling and a wall mounted ladder, occupants of the cabin likely used the space for sleeping and storage.</p><br>
<p>The fireplace chimney on the exterior of the east wall extends to the original height of room 1 and is constructed from large blocks of local sandstone.</p><br>
<p>The house was augmented with phase 2 c1859 with the center foyer hall, and the second room (room 2, the right front façade bay), a small front gallery, and a second story attic accessible by stairs in the hall.</p><br>
<p>In phase 3, a third room, room 3, built c1870 directly behind the room 2, was constructed on a beam base using 2” x 4” wall studs spaced irregularly. Room 3 measures 15’ 4” x 14’ 0”. The interior wall of room 3 facing room 2 has the exterior weatherboard of room 2. Room 3 was built abutted to but not structurally integrated into the main house except with the roofing.</p><br>
<p>The 9’ 6” x 13’ 6” room, room 4, was built behind room 3 at the same time, and is also built on a beam base using 2” x 4” studs spaced irregularly. Room 4, used as a kitchen, has an insulated chimney sleeve for a stovepipe.</p><br>
<p>The original kitchen was built probably during phase 2 and detached from the house to isolate accidental fires. The vertical pine timber materials used in room 4 are similar to those used in room 2. The interior wallboard materials in room 4 are believed to be the wood that was used for the original detached kitchen when it was built during phase 2. The interior boards have square nail holes, indicating that they had been used prior to phase 3. In phase 3, the kitchen was attached to the house.</p><br>
<p>Since the completion of phase 3 c1870, no significant alterations have been made to the house.</p><br>
<h2>Construction Techniques</h2><br>
<h3>Phase 1: c1840 Log Cabin</h3><br>
<p>The c1840 log cabin was built from pine logs laid horizontally and interlocked with notches on the ends. The logs were stacked to a height of eight feet, and the top rail notched to accommodate the ceiling rafters. Then logs were stacked for an additional four feet of height to accommodate a nominal amount of room in the attic. The attic, likely used for storage and sleeping, was accessed through a hole in the ceiling and a wall mounted ladder. The cabin roof was gabled, running north-to-south.</p><br>
<p>The old-growth trees used had few limbs (knots) and were straight with little taper. The corner notches were not uniformly cut, indicating that each log&#39;s corner notch was cut to match the specific cut of the adjoining log to minimize the size of the gap between the logs and reduced the amount of chinking (sticks or rocks) needed to fill the gap. The height of trees on the property determined the length of the available logs used in each wall.</p><br>
<p>The cabin&#39;s corners were set on large stones and additional stones were used for support at other points along the sill (bottom log).</p><br>
<p>The cabin was anchored on a field-stone chimney; with mud applied to seal any gaps in the tight-fitting stones. The fireplace was used for cooking and for heat in the winter.</p><br>
<p>There is no evidence that there were windows. Specifically, the west wall, where a door was cut in phase 2, was composed of 20’ timbers. The entrance door was to the north; where, today, a window is installed.</p><br>
<h3>Phase 2: c1850 Addition</h3><br>
<p>The second owner, who ultimately lived on the property, bought it in 1847 and held it for forty-seven years until 1894. Most of the phase 2 and subsequent construction probably occurred during this period. During this time-frame, balloon framing was a popular and inexpensive technique for many farm houses in the 19th century. Requiring no specialized skills, it utilized long continuous framing members (studs) that ran from sill plate to eave line with intermediate floor structures nailed to them, with the heights of window sills, headers and next floor height marked out on the studs.</p><br>
<p>Surprisingly, balloon framing was not used on the c1850 addition, but rather a more complex method of mortise and tenon joinery that typically requires highly skilled workmen.</p><br>
<p>The foyer, room 2, gable roof, and the attic were built to the right of room 1. The room 1 ceiling height of 8 feet was used throughout the addition.</p><br>
<p>Framing - The vertical posts on the north and south side for room 2 and the foyer, built on an irregular beam base, were extended in length above the interior room ceiling to the top attic rail. The length was designed to match the height of the original room 1 roof. The vertical posts were long enough to extend about four feet above the ceiling joists.</p><br>
<p>A top rail across the front (north side) of room 2 and the foyer and another across the rear (south side) of room 2 and the foyer tied the vertical beams all together. Each vertical post had a hand-made mortise at interior ceiling height to receive each ceiling joist, which had a tenon at each end. A wood peg secured each joint. The peg holes were chisel-cut with a square hole by hand, as opposed to round holes made with a drill, indicating construction in early 1800&#39;s. The pegs were hand-formed with an ax from small cut blocks of wood and sized to each hole. Additionally, vertical water saw marks marking are on the vertical posts. Neither the room 2 nor the foyer framing used nails.</p><br>
<p>During the restoration, the removed interior walls revealed that one of the vertical posts was larger than others and had an unused mortise. This indicated that mistakes were as common then as they are now, and that the builder found a way to adapt and use all available material.</p><br>
<p>Interior Finishing - The foyer and room 2 had interior wall, floor, and ceiling boards installed. Included also at this time was a wainscot in the foyer and room 2. Room 1 also had interior wall and ceiling boards installed for the first time.</p><br>
<p>Exterior Openings - The exterior doors into the house, a double door in the front and single door in the back, were now through the foyer. The original room 1 door facing the north was closed in and replaced by a window identical to the one used in the new room 2 windows. An interior door was cut through the massive beams in the west wall of room 1 for passage into the foyer.</p><br>
<p>Windows - There may have been glass windows installed for the first time with phase 2. Alternatively, wooden shutters closed in the evenings would have been used. Around 1935 the current glass single pane windows were installed, replacing the prior windows or alternatively replacing the shutters.</p><br>
<p>West Chimney - A brick fireplace and chimney was installed on the west end of room 2. The fireplace chimney in room 1 was extended in height to accommodate the gable roof height with brick similar to that used in the fireplace in the room 2.</p><br>
<p>Roof - The complete building (room 1, foyer, and room 2) was covered by a gable roof that ran east-to-west. The roof material was cedar shakes. The shake roof was later replaced by corrugated metal.</p><br>
<p>Attic - The gabled roof facilitated an attic. The current stairs were not installed until later, so access to the attic would have been in the foyer, perhaps with a ladder attached to the wall. Also, some attic flooring was added. The space was there, and probably badly needed and yet accessible only with a ladder.</p><br>
<p>Porch – Originally, a small undercut gallery with plain square wood posts spanned the width of the double front door and featured a wooden deck and a side rail. It may or may not have had a cover. This small porch was later replaced by the current large gallery porch.</p><br>
<p>A larger undercut gallery with plain square wood posts spanning four-fifths of the façade and featuring a wooden deck and box columns replaced the original. Two exterior boards on either side of the front door have the mortise holes for the top and bottom porch rail of the original porch.</p><br>
<p>Exterior Finishing - The entire house was covered with cedar weatherboard. At the front eave an intricate molding was installed. Similarly, across the rear a decorative molding was installed.</p><br>
<p>Kitchen - The outdoor kitchen was probably built at the same time. Timbers similar to those used for the interior walls of room 1 and room 2 were used in the standalone kitchen.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration</h2><br>
<p>The restoration of the c1840 house was completed in 2012.</p><br>
<p>Of course, the result of the restoration excluded any modern conveniences such as running water, bathrooms, bedrooms, or kitchen facilities.</p><br>
<p>Essentially, the restored house contained a living room, a foyer with stairs, and a dining room. Additionally, it included the attic that ran east-west under the gabled roof.</p><br>
<p>So, the house was not livable by today’s standards.</p><br>
<h2>The Residence</h2><br>
<p>After several residential plan designs and locations, we realized that the restored house would have little use unless the planned residence was attached. We designed an architecturally sound “soft touch” connection to the restored house that allowed the residence to be constructed immediately to its rear.</p><br>
<p>The residence and the house would be accessible through two existing doors in the house, one into the 1850 room, and the other into the foyer. Careful planning with the foundation height ensured the flooring between the house and the residence was aligned and level. Choosing a single-story residence built behind the house ensured that its roof not visible when standing in front of the restored house.</p><br>
<p>This photo is taken in front of the house looking south. Visible is the parking area, steps and walkway to the house. Also visible is the slight rise in elevation from the parking area to the house. We exploited that difference in elevation when we built the retaining wall that now separates the house from the parking area. The raised elevation of the ground on which the house sits, architecturally described as an “eminence” - a high place or part; a hill, or elevation; height - gives the illusion that it is on a pedestal when entering the property from the drive.</p><br>
<p>Looking from the east, the house, to the right with its massive fireplace chimney, is in front of and adjacent to the residence. The residence consists of a kitchen, great room, bedrooms, storage closets, and bathrooms. A matching fireplace chimney is on the east wall in the great room, and a veranda wraps the east and south side of the residence.</p><br>
<p>Completed in about six months, the residence complements the restored house and makes the house a functional part of property.</p><br>
<p>Located in the Holly Springs National Forest, the property is isolated and surrounded by deep woods where indigenous animals have little human interaction.</p><br>
<p>Regular sightings of turkeys and deer keep us entertained year round.</p><br>
<p>Of course, there is no hunting allowed on the property.</p><br>
<p>San Estévan del Rey Mission Church is a Spanish mission church in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Gallup on the Acoma Pueblo Reservation in western New Mexico. Built between 1629 and 1641, it is one of the finest extant examples of hybrid Spanish Colonial and Puebloan architectural styles. It was named for Saint Stephen I of Hungary. The church was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1970, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It remains a mission church and is part of the parish of San José de la Laguna in Laguna, New Mexico.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The San Estévan del Rey Mission Church stands at the northern end of the large plaza that takes up the southern end of the mesa top that houses Sky City, the traditional Acoma pueblo settlement that has been continuously occupied since prehistoric times. It is a large adobe structure, built in a wall and beam construction style. Its main walls are thick at the base, one measuring 7 ft in thickness, and rise to a height of 35 ft and a thickness of over 2 ft. The roof masonry, about six inches of adobe weighing several tons, is supported by large ponderosa pine vigas over which roughly-hewn wooden planks are laid. The interior is finished in gypsum, with an original native painting on the back wall of the sanctuary. Adjacent to the church is a small single-story convento, which served as the domicile for the priest. The mission also had other buildings, but these are in ruins. Adjacent to the church is a cemetery surrounded by a low wall with openings facing west, providing an opportunity for ancestors to return to find rest. The maintenance of the church traditionally falls to the Gaugashti, Acoma men designated “the church caretakers”, along with Pueblo of Acoma Historic Preservation Office.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Spanish colonial explorers came to Acoma in 1540. Spanish colonial authorities took authority over Acoma by force of arms in the 1599 Acoma massacre, making it part of the province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México. In 1629 Father Juan Ramírez began construction of the mission, using enslaved Acoma and craftsmen. Materials for the construction were hauled up the steep trails on the sides of the mesa, and the viga beams were transported some 40 mi from Mount Taylor, the nearest source for such timbers. During the 1680 Pueblo Revolt, the Acoma killed the local priest, but the church survived the uprising, and the Spanish return to power in 1692. The church has undergone relatively minor repairs, in 1799–1800, 1903, and 1924.</p><br>
<p>The Loys Station Covered Bridge is a multiple king post wooden covered bridge near Thurmont, Maryland. The bridge was burned by an arsonist in 1991 and rebuilt using surviving framing. The original bridge spanned 90 feet in one span, but has since been modified with a pier at the middle of the span. The bridge crosses Owen&#39;s Creek and is surrounded by a park.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Loys Station Covered Bridge was originally built in 1848. Between 1929 and 1930 the bridge was reinforced with a concrete pier and steel beams. The bridge gets its name from a Western Maryland Railroad station that stopped nearby the bridge in Loys. In 1978 the bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places. In 1991 the bridge was burned down by an arsonist who was trying to fraudulently collect insurance money. The bridge took three years and $300,000 to rebuild and was rebuilt to match the bridge as it was in 1930 after having been reinforced. Most of the cost of reconstructing the bridge was covered by insurance. On 4 July 1994 the bridge officially reopened for the public. In October 2013 the bridge was damaged twice by vehicles, but quickly repaired both times.</p><br>
<p>Ranchos de Taos Plaza is a historic district in Ranchos de Taos, New Mexico, about four miles south of the town of Taos, New Mexico. There are 21 buildings over 84 acres in the historic district, including the San Francisco de Assisi Mission Church, a USA National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>Before Spanish colonialists settled in the Taos area in 1716, the area was home to Taos Native Americans who ranched and farmed in the area. There was a Spanish settlement in the Ranchos de Taos area by 1742 and there may have been residents of the Taos Pueblo who had farmed in the fertile area before that, in which case they sought the shelter of the Taos Pueblo during attacks by Comanche tribes.</p><br>
<p>The plaza is the original location of the village of Ranchos de Taos, built in the late 1770s. It is believed the fortified plaza was built by 1780 when Juan Agustin de Morfi wrote that "the settlement forms a square plaza, very capricious. Its houses were almost finished in 1779 with towers at proportionate distances for their defense." The plaza included an observation platforms in round towers and torreones for defense.</p><br>
<p>Fray Jose Benito Pereyro, priest of the Taos Pueblo, agreed to serve the settlers of the village. Around 1815, the San Francisco de Asis Mission Church was built under his direction.</p><br>
<p>In 1840 Matt Field wrote during his travels through New Mexico of Ranchos de Taos: "This town called the ranch lies at the base of a gigantic mountain and is watered by a swift stream that rushes from the ravine... It contains about 300 houses, and those are built completely together, forming a wall, enclosing a large square, in the center of which stands a church."</p><br>
<p>A video of the art and history of the mission church may be viewed at the parish office and gift shop, where santos and retablos made by local artists are sold. Along the plaza are adobe buildings that are now retail stores, galleries, and restaurants, one of which was a historic trading post, now Trading Post Cafe.</p><br>
<p>The Utica Road Covered Bridge is a Burr truss wooden covered bridge located near Lewistown, Maryland. Originally built in 1834, it spanned the Monocacy River at the Devilbiss Bridge crossing. An 1889 flood damaged the bridge and the surviving half was moved to Fishing Creek in 1891. Like the nearby Loys Station Covered Bridge, a pier was inserted at the middle of the bridge to halve its span.</p><br>
<p>The Utica Covered Bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>San Gabriel de Yungue-Ouinge, or San Gabriel de Yunque, was the site of the first Spanish capital of its provincial territory of Santa Fe de Nuevo México. It is located where the Rio Chama meets the Rio Grande, west of present-day Ohkay Owingeh, New Mexico. The pueblo of Yuque Yunque was taken by Juan de Oñate, and he founded his colonial government there. It was moved to Santa Fe in 1610. The site was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1964. The archaeological site was leveled and plowed over in 1984, and a historical marker has been placed on the west side of the Rio Grande, off the old New Mexico State Road 74.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The pueblos of Ohkay and Yunque were two interrelated Puebloan settlements, Ohkays establishment estimated around 1200 and Yunques around 1300. The present-day tribal lands of Ohkay Owingeh encompass the area of both settlements. When Juan de Oñate arrived in 1598 to establish a Spanish provincial headquarters, he at first established a military camp outside the Ohkay pueblo, which he dubbed "San Juan" (a name by which the Ohkay pueblo was known for many years, before reclaiming its native name in the early 21st century.) The Puebloans agreed to make the Yunque pueblo, located between the Chama River and Rio Grande, available as a compound for the Spanish, and its residents were evacuated to Ohkay. In the fall of 1598, the Spanish erected a church and dug an acequia (water channel) to bring water to Yunque.</p><br>
<p>The site remained New Mexico&#39;s colonial capital until 1610, when Oñate was replaced by Pedro de Peralta, who established the Spanish capital at Santa Fe. The Yunque pueblo was either abandoned entirely by the Spanish, or left with a few colonists, but it was eventually abandoned entirely.</p><br>
<p>The location of this early colonial capital was of recurring interest to historians, and was tentatively identified in the 1890s. In the 1930s, the National Park Service surveyed the area but was unable to make a definitive determination. Excavations in the 1940s and 1960s made it abundantly clear that the area was an early Spanish settlement site, with the church site and a military barracks among the structures whose remains were found. After these excavations, the natives began removing adobe bricks from the ruins for reuse, and the site was levelled and buried. A cross and memorial marker indicate the site.</p><br>
<p>Santa Fe Historic District is a historic district in Santa Fe, New Mexico that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. It includes two sites that are individually named USA National Historic Landmarks:</p><br>
<p>Santa Fe Plaza</p><br>
<p>Palace of the Governors</p><br>
<p>In addition, it includes:</p><br>
<p>Donaciano Vigil House, a separately-listed Registered Historic Place</p><br>
<p>The district boundaries were later amended, and now wholly includes the Gross, Kelly, and Company Warehouse, built in 1913, which was an early work of a creator of the Spanish Pueblo Revival style, Isaac Hamilton Rapp.</p><br>
<p>The Donaciano Vigil House is an adobe house built in 1832 in Santa Fe, New Mexico. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. It was home of Donaciano Vigil, the first Hispanic governor of New Mexico under US rule.</p><br>
<p>It was a very active site of civil and political activity. Vigil lived in the property with his large family.</p><br>
<p>The Donaciano Vigil House is a single-story adobe structure with a large interior patio. It is constructed in Territorial style. A restoration of the house began in 1959.</p><br>
<p>The Village of Columbus and Camp Furlong is a National Historic Landmark District commemorating the 1916 raid by Pancho Villa on the town of Columbus, New Mexico, and the American military response to that raid, the "Punitive Expedition" led by General John J. Pershing. The raid and its response, set during World War I, the Mexican Revolution, and an accompanying low-level Border War, played a significant role in diplomacy and military preparedness for eventual American entry in the World War. The district encompasses buildings that survived the raid, and military facilities used in the American response. The landmark designation was made in 1975.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>On March 9, 1916, Camp Furlong was the headquarters of the 13th USA Cavalry under command of Colonel H. J. Slocum. The 13th Cavalry was stretched along the border on outpost duty from Noria to Hermanas on the El Paso and Southwestern Railroad. At least three troops were present during the raid on Columbus by Pancho Villas irregulars. The hero of the day was Lt. Lucas of the machine gun troop, who while barefoot, set up machine guns in the main area of the town and directed heavy fire against the raiders. His actions inflicted numerous casualties on Villas forces and caused them to retreat back into Mexico.</p><br>
<p>Almost overnight, the camp became a large military installation for protection from other raids and in preparation for a punitive expedition into Mexico to be led by General John J. Pershing. First on the scene were elements of the New Mexico National Guard. Various regular units then arrived to provide support to the troops in Mexico. Columbus had the distinction of having the first tactical military airfield in the United States. The 1st Aero Squadron&#39;s Curtiss JN3 Jenny biplanes provided aerial observation and communications for the expedition, although most of the aircraft were lost to crashes in the rugged Mexican mountains. Camp Furlong also had supply facilities and repair yards for the early motor trucks used in Mexico. At its peak, the camp was headquarters for more than 5,000 troops.</p><br>
<p>Following the withdrawal of the Punitive Expedition, the 24th Infantry Regiment was headquartered at the post. They were called in the summer of 1919 to assist in chasing Pancho Villa&#39;s troops out of Ciudad Juarez. With the conclusion of the Mexican Revolution, the post lost its importance and only 100 men were garrisoned there in 1921. All troops in the area were gone by 1923.</p><br>
<h2>Historic district</h2><br>
<p>In Pancho Villa State Park, several buildings remain from the time of Villas 1916 raid, and are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. These include the 1902 USA Customs House, two adobe structures dating from the Camp Furlong era, and the Camp Furlong Recreation Hall. A separate, purpose-built structure serves as the State Park visitor center, with exhibits describing the histories of Pancho Villa, the Columbus raid of 1916, and Pershings Punitive Expedition.</p><br>
<p>The historic district also includes the former airfield, which is east of the state park, the former railroad station of the El Paso and Southwestern Railroad (which now houses the local historical society museum), and the former Hoover Hotel, an adobe structure that was one of the only other buildings to survive, and which now houses a desert art gallery.</p><br>
<p>The East Irvington School, or East Irvington Public School, is a former school building that served the neighborhood of that name in the town of Greenburgh, New York, United States as part of the Irvington School District. It was built in 1891 to educate the children of a growing population of Irish American laborers, and was expanded in 1925. The building continued to be used as a school until 1972. The brick building on Mountain Lane, with a rear entrance on Taxter Road, has since been converted to a condominium, but remains the oldest standing school building in the area. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The two-story brick building sits on a dressed-rock foundation exposed at the rear. A thin stone course divides the two stories. The school&#39;s name appears in molded concrete above its main entrance, also surrounded with a concrete entablature. The windows use stone trim. The rear entrance has a brick, stone and concrete porch. The asphalt-shingled hipped roof has gabled, louvered dormers on the front and back and an off-center cupola.</p><br>
<p>Inside, much of the building remained as it originally was when used as a school, at least at the time of its addition to the Register. It is heavy on wood, particularly oak, paneling and wainscoting.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>As the nearby village of Irvington grew in the late 19th century, due to the completion of the Hudson River Railroad, it became home to a number of wealthy residents, who imitated the village&#39;s namesake, Washington Irving, by buying, building or expanding large houses along the river. This activity, and the maintenance of those houses, required a large labor force. Irish immigrants, already drawn to the area by jobs on the railroad, the docks and the building of the Croton Aqueduct, filled them. They settled in a previously rural area to the east of Irvington that quickly came to be known as "Little Dublin".</p><br>
<p>Irvington had built its first public school in 1872 in the village, but that wasn&#39;t enough to handle the pupils from further inland. Accordingly, East Irvington School was built in 1891 as a single-story building, educating students from kindergarten to eighth grade, including some from the village.</p><br>
<p>By 1925 continued population growth led to the addition of the second story. In the early 1950s, what was now the Irvington Union Free School District changed its grade structure to the district&#39;s primary school, educating all students from kindergarten to second grade, but by 1955 it was back to its original grades, but reverted again to limited grade use in 1960. The school was finally closed in 1972. The building stood vacant for a decade before being converted into a condominium in the 1980s. The former school yard is now East Irvington Park.</p><br>
<p>The Tacony Music Hall is an historic, American building that is located in the Tacony neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This three-story brick building was erected in 1885 by Frank W. Jordan, a local druggist and entrepreneur, as a multi-use facility, with retail shop space on the first floor, an auditorium on the second, and space for the Keystone Scientific and Literary Association (founded 1876, later called the Disston Library and Free Reading Room) on the third.</p><br>
<p>P. T. Barnum and Susan B. Anthony lectured here. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>In March 2017, the building owners and operators began the process of opening a sex positive community center. Membership is limited to those over 18 years of age who may pay a membership or event fee and may sign a membership form or liability waiver. The second and third floors are used by this organization which is called Philly Music Hall LLC. They rejected the label of "sex club". Nevertheless, a spokesperson recognizes that "occasionally there will be people who have sex." Programming includes workshops, events, and community meetups to discuss and practice various forms of alternative sexuality. Participants are encouraged to practice active consent and safe sex, with failure to do so resulting in suspension or revocation of membership.</p><br>
<p>The center permanently closed in August 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><br>
<p>The Monument Square Historic District is a historic district on Main and Water Streets, and Grove Avenue in Leominster, Massachusetts. The district includes Leominster&#39;s traditional town common or square, which is known as "Leominster Square" or "the Common."</p><br>
<p>Leominsters common is the site of several monuments, including: a monument marking the site of the towns second meeting house from 1775-1824 (which was replaced by the first town house), a Native American mortar (moved to the site in 1880), several veterans memorials, and a firefighters memorial. The Leominster Historical Society headquarters is adjacent to the square.</p><br>
<p>In 1743 the common was chosen as the site of the "First Church" meeting house in Leominster. At that time, an active church congregation was required for a town to gain a charter from the Massachusetts government. Originally a Congregationalist (Puritan) congregation, First Church&#39;s members later adopted a Unitarian theology in the early 19th century, causing the traditional Reformed (Calvinist) members to leave the building and found what is now Pilgrim Congregational Church, also located on the common. The First Church congregation was funded with state tax revenue until 1835, when Massachusetts separated its churches from state funding.</p><br>
<p>The historic district also contains many 19th-century buildings, and the area was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. The city hall and various churches and businesses are adjacent to the square.</p><br>
